Prociphilus caryae caryae (Fitch) (=alnifoliae Williams)

Spring populations (fundatrices + immature alatae) cup or curl the leaves of Amelanchier spp. and turn them yellow or whitish. (Records from Crataegus are probably due to misidentification, particularly confusion with P. corrugatans.) Emigrant alatae (BL 2.7-3.3 mm) fly in June to colonise roots of Pinus sp(p), sexuparae returning to Amelanchier in September-October. In western USA and Canada (British Columbia). (No field observations have been made of these western populations on pine roots, but Smith (1969) obtained colonies readily on Pinus strobus in the laboratory, and sexuparae collected on P. monticola in British Columbia (BMNH collection, leg G. Shrimpton) appear to be this species.) Similar aphids in eastern USA are regarded as a subspecies:-

Prociphilus caryae ssp. fitchii Baker & Davidson

Spring populations (fundatrix + immature alatae) cause cupping and curling of leaves of Malus spp. (domestica, angustifolia) and Amelanchier spp. (see influentialpoints.com/Gallery). Emigrant alatae (BL 1.8-3.3 mm) migrate in June to found ant-attended colonies on roots of Pinus strobus. Sexuparae return to the primary hosts in October-November where they deposit sexuales in bark crevices near base of tree or in nearby leaf litter (Smith 1969). Widely distributed in eastern North America. Parthenogenetic populations also persist throughout the year on white pine roots. A closely-related form, P. caryae ssp. arbutifoliae, forms spring populations on Photinia (= Heteromeles) arbutifolia in California, from which alatae (BL 2.9-4.1 mm) migrate to an unknown secondary host, probably pine roots. (Records of P. caryae fitchii on Lonicera in India (A.K. Ghosh et al. 1981, A.K. Ghosh 1984b) apply to P. himalayensis.)