Cynipidae

Belonocnema

Quercus geminata

Alabama

Florida

Georgia

Louisiana

Mississippi

North Carolina

South Carolina

Quercus minima

Belonocnema fossoria (sexgen)

Belonocnema treatae [not a formal synonym per Zhang but Weld uses this name to cover root galls of this genus on both Quercus virginiana and geminata. The latter is B fossoria.]

Quercus virginiana, geminata
"Root" galls
Cluster of wedge-shaped, soft, fleshy yellowish galls, 12-19 mm long on rootlets in March. Like Fig 56 [Callirhytis myrtifoliae, a flower gall--typo?]

Cynipid galls of the eastern United States

Belonocnema treatae (Mayr 1881) [according to Zhang, based on hosts given, this must be B fossoria, not treatae]

Hosts: Quercus geminata, minima

[Sexual generation galls on roots in the spring.]

Using gall wasps on oaks to test broad ecological concepts

Belonocnema fossoria, Weld 1921 Rev. Stat.

Belonocnema quercusvirens, Burks, 1979 [species inquirenda]

Host plant: Quercus geminata

Gall: irregular shaped, multilocular galls often in clusters on the small rootlets

Biology: The sexual generation emerges from early March to mid-April, corresponding with the timing of leaf flush of their host Q. geminata. 

Distribution: GA, FL

[See paper for photos of the galls]

One hundred and sixty years of taxonomic confusion resolved: Belonocnema (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) gall wasps associated with live oaks in the USA