Cynips (dugèsi) oriens, new species
agamic form

GALL. Similar to all galls in the C. bella and C. dugèsi complexes. Mature galls rosy tan or brighter rose, unspotted; usually not large, up to 21. mm., but averaging nearer 14. mm. in diameter. Figure 53

HOSTS.—Quercus potosina, Q. jaralensis [potosina], Q. intricata, Q. Pringlei, and Q. cordifolia, all of which are scrub oaks, though not all closely related oaks. Also on the larger trees, Q. polymorpha (?) and Q. sacame [arizonica].

RANGE.-San Luis Potosí : Cerritos, 21 W, 6000' (types). Tamau lipas : Miquihuana, 7 SE, 6000'. Probably restricted to scrub oaks in an area in the Eastern Sierra of Mexico, centering in the eastern part of San Luis Potosí and an adjacent southern portion of Tamaulipas. Figure 18.

LIFE HISTORY.—Adults: November 23, 27, 30. December 6, 7, 12, 14, 15, 21. January 2, 9, 10. February 1, 5, 15, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28. March 1, 15. The bulk of the emergence in January and throughout February.

Cynips oriens, known from the Eastern Sierra of Mexico near Cerritos, S.L.P., and from the adjacent mountains of Southern Tamaulipas, has its closest relatives in C. vasta, C. occidua, and C. oriunda. Oriens, vasta, and occidua occur on scrub oaks, while oriunda occurs on the large tree, Q. polymorpha. Vasta is found in a more eastern ridge of the Eastern Sierra (near Tula, in Tamaulipas) about 40 miles northeast of Cerritos. The closest relative of oriens is oriunda, from the tall tree, Q. polymorpha, in the southwestern portion of Tamaulipas.

Thirty-five miles south of Cerritos, in the Eastern Sierra near Rio Verde, we found C. (dugèsi) pulea, an insect with a much reduced wing averaging only 0.90 times the body in length. In that group with reduced wings are the species puler, pumilio, pusa, and pictor, ranging through a great length of the Eastern Sierra both north, south, and east of oriens. From all of these oriens is distinct in its wing-body ratio of 1.10; but since the galls of both groups of species are essentially the same, insects must be had before determinations can be made. No species of the bella complex is known to occur near the range of oriens.

Cynips (dugèsi) oriunda, new species
agamic form

GALL.-Similar to all galls of the C. bella and C. dugès i complexes. Mature galls yellow or more rosy tan, unspotted, up to 12. mm. in diameter.

HOST.-Quercus polymorpha.

RANGE.--Tamaulipas: Ciudad Victoria, 21 W, 4500'. San Luis Potosí: Cerritos, 25 W, 6000' (galls only). Probably restricted to the one oak, Q. polymorpha, in the Eastern Sierra of Southern Tamauli pas and adjacent San Luis Potosí. Figure 18.

LIFE HISTORY..—Adult: December 7

This insect is very close to oriens which occurs on the scrub oaks of an adjacent portion of the Eastern Sierra. Oriunda is probably confined to the larger and quite distinct oak, Q. polymorpha.

- Alfred Kinsey: (1936) Origin of higher categories in Cynips^©