Usually the entire leaf is affected and strongly arched upward, giving it a rude, boat-shaped appearance. There are also separate archings between the larger lateral veins which thus throw the surface into a series of strong folds. The upper surface of the leaf is bright red until it begins to die, when it turns brown then black and then falls away.

- George F. Atkinson: (1894) Notes on Some Exoasceae of the United States^©