[Nannfeldt, working from observations in Richards 1896, wrote of E. andromedae having two, or even three, seasonal generations on different organs of L. ligustrina in N. America. The spring generation produces "giant bag-galls," which are followed by leaf-concavity galls. Finally, leaf-spot galls may appear near the end of the season. p.7]

- Nannfeldt, J.A.: (1981) Exobasidium, a taxonomic reassessment applied to the European species^©