Systemic. Stems and ramification as a rule only slightly changed; branches perhaps a little prolonged and more upright than normal. Leaves only slightly enlarged and thickened, often bullate, yellowish green to bright red above (depending upon light?), eventually hymenium-clad between the nerves beneath. Rarely whole plants strongly dwarfed with dwarfed leaves, richly and spreadingly ramified and red all over.

- Nannfeldt, J.A.: (1981) Exobasidium, a taxonomic reassessment applied to the European species^©