Four fungi are known as the causative agents of galls with stag-horn-like, aerial-root-like, or clavarioid outgrowths. One is [..] Exobasidium lauri [ Laurobasidium lauri] Geyl. on Laurus nobilis and Laurus canariensis (current name: [Persea barbujana]) in Italy (Geyler 1874);