The larva of U. enigmaticus is a fairly flaccid white grub without appendages (Figure 4e,f,h) and totally lacking in areas of sclerotisation except for the sharp mandibles (Figure 4g). It incites a gall in the fleshy leaves of its host, in which it evidently feeds on the jelly-like cells lining the inside of the galls. The small quantity of frass present in the gall suggests that it feeds on low-fibre, highly nutritious food. Soon after the larva has established in the soft, succulent tissue, an elongate, hard woody capsule starts to develop around it (Figure 4e), while the soft tissue surrounding the capsule swells noticeably to two to three times its size. The gall is often bilobed (Figure 4b) as a result of swollen development of two deformed leaves growing from the galled leaf bud. The internal capsule quickly develops to its final size and initially dwarfs the young larva, but as the larva grows it fills more and more of the available space until eventually the enclosed adult fills it almost completely (Figure 4d). The outer cell layers of the capsule are woody from the beginning, whereas initially it is lined internally by layers of spongy tissue. As these are consumed by the larva and it grows, the capsule sides become smoother. Duration of the larval development is about five months, and the pupal stage lasts about two weeks. Urodontidius enigmaticus has two generations per year on Ruschia versicolor at Kommandokraal. First-generation adults (Figure 4c,d) emerge in winter (June), mate and lay eggs on developing leaf buds; those of the second generation emerge during November. The relatively short development period of the larva supports the assumption of two generations existing per year, as compared to the much longer larval development and single generation per year of Urodontus scholtzi Louw, which induces woody stem galls in Galenia (also Aizoaceae) [2,6].