Loxaulus beutenmuelleri (agamic)

Disholcaspis edura (agamic)

Disholcaspis spissa (agamic)

Neuroterus lamellae (sexgen)

Callirhytis glomerosa (agamic)

Disholcaspis prehensa (agamic)

Disholcaspis mamillana (agamic)

Amphibolips murata (agamic)

Andricus pilula (sexgen)

Andricus pilularis (sexgen)

Cynips tepicana (agamic)

Disholcaspis mellifica (agamic)

Antron magdalenae (agamic)

Neuroterus floricomus (sexgen)

Andricus balanella (agamic)

Callirhytis floripara (sexgen)

Callirhytis intersita (agamic)

Callirhytis manni (agamic)

Callirhytis perobscura (agamic)

Callirhytis medularis (sexgen)

Feron dumosae (sexgen)

Neuroterus florulentus (sexgen)

Andricus mendocinensis

Loxaulus beutenmuelleri, new species

Host: Quercus rubra
Gall: Probably a midrib cluster

Habitat: Reared from galls picked up on the ground under a red oak tree and thought at the time to be galls of Dryocosmus piperoides. NJ, IL, MI, VA


Disholcaspis edura, new species

Hosts: Quercus oblongifolia, arizonica, toumeyi, reticulata [rugosa]

Gall: A bullet gall in clusters of 3-6 on twigs, sessile, rounded at end, yellowish, up to 12 mm in diameter. Larval cell basal, its wall unusually thick and hard, persisting after the soft distal tissue has weathered away.

Habitat: The types are from galls collected at Nogales, Ariz., Nov. 14, 1939, on Quercus oblongifolia Torr. Adults emerged Jan. 11 to Feb. 11, 1940. Paratypes are from galls collected at Magdalena, N. Mex., Nov. 9, 1921, then containing adults which emerged December 31. One paratype is from Patagonia, Ariz., and one from Oracle, Ariz. These galls have been noted also on Quercus toumeyi Sarg. and Q. reticulata Humb. & Bonpl.

Adults emerged December 31.

Disholcaspis spissa, new species

Hosts: Quercus turbinella, arizonica, fendleri, and havardi

Gall: Single or in dense clusters on twigs or rarely on the peduncle. Yellowish when young, brown with a dull matte surface when mature. Sessile by a broad base, rounded and darker at apex, 6-7 mm high. Larval cell basal, its wall thin, not free but imbedded in the dense cellular tissue of the distal part of the gall which is not cavernous as in D edura.

Habitat: NM, AZ, OK

Many adults had emerged by December 31 and adults continued to come out until January 14. 

Neuroterus lamellae, new species

Host: Quercus subturbinella=Q. turbinella

Gall: A thickening of the parenchyma of a part of the leaf area, deforming the leaf, almost half an inch thick. Pubescence on lower side white and short, on upper side, where exit holes are located, it is longer. Resembles the gall of Neuroterus washingtonensis on Quercus garryana.

Habitat: Dead adults were cut out of galls in November 1944 from galls collected July 23, 1943 at Prescott AZ. As dark pupae were found in galls at Prescott on July 12, 1947 the normal emergence is probably in late July.

Callirhytis glomerosa, new species

Host: Quercus coccinea

Gall: A smooth greenish or brownish (in sun) bud gall in September or October around 3 mm in diameter, over half of it projecting beyond the bud scales, dropping when full-grown and then slightly pubescent at the base. Adults emerge the second spring. 

Habitat: The type is from a gall collected at East Falls Church, Va., in late September 1933 and the adult cut out Oct. 16, 1934. Paratypes are from Vienna and Alexandria, Va. Similar galls have been seen on northern red oak, Spanish oak, and on Quercus ilicifolia Wangenh. 

Single or in groups of up to 25. Sessile with a smooth brown basal part clasping the twig, the top enlarged, rugose, dull, and darker in color, probably secreting honeydew when young.

Larval cell basal.

Disholcaspis mamillana

A globular bullet gall drawn out at apex into a distinct blunt point like the pointed bullet gall of the Eastern States. Wall thick, central larval cell not separable. Covered when young with very dense, short pubescence which weathers away in late fall.

Host: Quercus douglasii 




Amphibolips murata, new species 

Belongs in a group that emerges from bud galls in late fall or in early spring from galls that have overwintered. 

Hosts. — Quercus myrtifolia Willd., Q. pumila Walt., Q. laurifolia Michx., and Q. cinerea=Q. incana Bartr. 

Gall: A smooth, tan bud gall in the fall, from 8-12 mm. in diameter, tapering slightly to point of attachment, the thin-walled larval cell not free and separated from the thick, dense outer wall by a thin layer of spongy tissue (not radiating fibers). Adults are cut out of the galls in November; the only emergence records are December 4, December 8, and April 11. 

Andricus pilula

This species was described from two females cut from galls from southern Utah. The types have the claws toothed, not simple as described. Similar galls were collected by Dr. A. W. Grundmann on Quercus gambelii in the mountains near Salt Lake City, Utah, and both females (agreeing with the types) and males were reared June 1-5, 1949. A description of the male is given below.

Andricus pilularis, new species

Host: Quercus turbinella

Gall. — Similar to galls of [Andricus utriculus Ashmead](https://www.gallformers.org/gall/867) and [A. pilula Bassett.](https://www.gallformers.org/gall/2547) Globular, about 4 mm. in diameter, projecting more on upper side of leaf. 

Habitat. — The types are from galls collected at Wolf Creek, near Prescott, Ariz., by Mrs. N. W. Capron, in June and July 1935. Living adults were cut out of the galls on July 20 and August 15. Others were sent August 1, 1947, and adults cut out August 7. One paratype is from a gall on Quercus oblongifolia, from Nogales. Galls have been noted on Q. toumeyi., Q. submollis [gambelii], Q. gambelii, and Q. diversicolor [rugosa].

Antron tepicana, new species

Host: Quercus reticulata [rugosa]

Gall: Similar to that of A chica, up to 60 mm in diameter, the inner pile with transparent, tapering tips 5 mm deep, the long outer crumpled hairs not swollen at the base. Larval cell up to 12 mm high by 6 mm in diameter.

Habitat: Galls were collected Jan 22 1936, at Tepic Mexico. Adults emerged and died in box before April.

Disholcaspis mellifica, new species

Host: Quercus garryana Dougl.

Gall: Bursting out of cracks in the bark, usually in rows, like galls of Callirhytis excavata (Ashm.) but extending only one or two millimeters up above the flaps of bark. On current year's growth in fall, often on sprouts close to the ground. The top is flat, rugose, and secretes honeydew. Larval cell basal and occupying most of the interior, the only thick dense tissue being directly above. Single galls from above measure up to 3 by 5 mm., but those in a row are much distorted by mutual pressure. 

Habitat: The types are from galls collected Sept. 8, 1922, above Cedar Creek checking station in Sequoia National Park, Calif. The galls then contained larvae and secreted so much honeydew that it dripped to the ground and in the sun was even evaporated to a white solid. Pupae were found in galls on October 1. Dead adults were cut out Mar. 17, 1923. This is the undescribed gall whose secretion has been described more fully by the author (Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, vol. 20, p. 177, 1925).

Antron magdalenae, new species

Host: Quercus subturbinella=Q. turbinella Greene. 

Gall: Globular, 3 mm. in diameter, with a dull, uneven surface covered with stellate hairs, sessile by a broad base on under side of leaf in the fall. Wall thin. 

Habitat: The types were cut out November 10 from galls collected Nov. 9, 1921, at Magdalena, N. Mex. Two paratypes are from Tijeras, N. Mex. Galls were seen also at Hillsboro, Kingston, and in the Burro Mountains, N. Mex.

Neuroterus floricomus, new species

Host: Quercus reticulata Humb. & Bonpl. [rugosa]

Gall (pi. 1, fig. 5): On staminate flowers in late June. A densely woolly enlargement of the axis up to 25 mm. long by 10 mm. in diameter with only the anthers protruding. Habitat: The type material (Hopkins No. 15618 d ) was collected June 28, 1918, in the Santa Catalina Mountains, Ariz., and adults emerged up to July 9. Galls were seen in the Santa Catalina Moun- tains on Quercus oblongifolia Torr. and Q. arizonica Sarg., in the Huachuca Mountains on Q. reticulata, Q. oblongifolia, and Q. arizonica, in the Mule Mountains on Q. arizonica, and in the Chiricahua Mountains on Q. arizonica and Q. toumeyi Sarg.


Callirhytis balanella, new species

Host: Quercus emoryi Torr.

Gall (pl. 1, fig. 3): Similar to a "pip" gall in shape but produced on the side of the cup of an undersized acorn in June and July. Gall slightly flattened, 4 mm. high by 3 mm. in diameter. 

Habitat: The type and one paratype are from galls collected at Cherry, Ariz., by Mrs. N. W. Capron on Oct. 4, 1935. One adult emerged April 23 and the other May 1, 1937. One paratype is from a gall Mrs. Capron collected at Prescott, Ariz., Sept. 12, 1950, and the living adult was cut out Apr. 11, 1952. Galls were seen in the Santa Catalina and Huachuca Mountains and at Patagonia, Nogales, and Bisbee, Ariz., and at Alpine, Tex. 

Callirhytis floripara, new species

Host: Quercus agrifolia Nee. 

Gall (pi. 1, fig. 4) : A thin-walled, conical, tan gall measuring up to 2.2 mm. long by 1.0 mm. in diameter, developed from a filament and bearing dis tally trace of a shriveled anther, scattered in among normal stamens in a much-shortened inflorescence. 

Habitat: The types are from galls collected from a tree of Q. agrifolia Nee at Carpinteria, Calif., on Apr. 29, 1918, when adults were emerging in large numbers and when adults (probably these) were observed ovipositing in young acorns. Adults continued to emerge until May 18 in material sent to Washington as "Hopk. U. S. No. 15606V This tree also had galls of Callirhytis carmelensis Weld on acorns of the previous season. These flower galls were seen also at Paso Robles and Monterey, Calif., on trees which had C. carmelensis also, circumstantial evidence that this is the alternating generation of that species.

Callirhytis intersita, new species

Host: Quercus alba L. 

Gall: Unknown. These were taken ovipositing in the internodes of the green new growth of white oak twigs on April 25, 29, and May 5. What gall resulted, if any, is not known. There are cells in the pith of white oak twigs, but fragments of the only dead adults cut out so far are different from these. 

Habitat: The type is selected from adults taken ovipositing at Vienna, Va., on Apr. 29, 1945. Paratypes are from East Falls Church, Va., Apr. 25, 1941, and May 5, 1946. 

Callirhytis manni, new species

Host: An undetermined oak. 

Gall: A spindle-shaped woody stem swelling similar to the gall of [Callirhytis floridana](https://www.gallformers.org/gall/902) (Ashmead) . 

Habitat: The types are from galls collected Jan. 22, 1935, at Tepic, Mexico. Adults emerged in packet. Dr. William Mann collected these galls in March 1923. 

Callirhytis perobscura, new species

Host: Quercus velutina Lam. 

Gall: Unknown. 

Habitat: The types were taken ovipositing in buds at East Falls Church, Va., on Apr. 18 and 20, 1927, Apr. 22, 1930, Apr. 23, 1932, Apr. 23, 1947, and at Takoma Park, Md., on Apr. 13, 1925.

Callirhytis medularis, new species

Hosts: Quercus borealis=Q. rubra L., Q. velutina Lam., and Q. coccinea Muenchh. 

Gall (pi. 1, fig. 6) : Cells are in the pith of current year's growth of various red oaks with no visible evidence until exit holes are noticed, when it is too late to secure adults. Synergus and three species of chalcids emerged the next spring, April 27 to May 3. 

Habitat: The types are selected from a series of 16 females and 35 males reared by Dr. F. C. Craighead near Blain, Pa., from twigs of northern red oak, the males emerging July 15 to July 24, the females July 16 to Aug. 1, 1956, from current season's growth. He had cut out dead males and females in August 1955. Four paratypes were cut out of twigs of scarlet oak in August 1950 at Cincinnati, Ohio, by R,. B. Neiswander. From black oak are two paratypes from Vienna, two from Williamsburg, and one from East Falls Church, Va. 

Nurseries at Cincinnati, Ohio, and at Southampton, Pa., reported that leaders of pin and scarlet oaks broke off where weakened by many exit holes causing lateral branches to form, resulting in poor-headed trees. The landscape superintendent at Williamsburg, Va., reported branches 12-18 inches long breaking off there. Similar cells in the pith of willow oak were noted at Durham, N. C, where 200 terminal twigs, weakened by exit holes, had been broken off or left hanging on one tree on the Duke University campus. Similar cells occur in the pith of twigs of red oak in Missouri and in blackjack and scrub oak in Virginia. 

Liodora dumosae, new species

Host: Quercus dumosa Nutt. 

Gall: Conical, thin-walled, 3 mm. long, erect, at margin of leaf, black when dry. 

Habitat: The types are from galls collected at Stanford, Calif., May 3, 1922, the adults emerging May 10. Paratypes are from Newhall, Lakeport, and Ukiah, Calif. Galls have been seen also on Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arm, Q. lobata Nee, and Q garryana Dougl.

Neuroterus florulentus, new species

Hosts: Quercus dumosa Nutt. and Q. lobata Nee. 

Gall: Thin-walled, tan, ovate cells scattered singly or in small clusters among the staminate flowers, bearing at apex on either side the shrunken darker anthers. The base is truncate and excavated, unlike the gall of N. floricola Kinsey. Length 1.5 mm. 

Habitat: Types are from galls collected on flowers of Quercus dumosa Nutt., on Santa Catalina Island, Calif., Mar. 31, 1922, when adults were emerging. More emerged by April 10, and more came out and died by April 15. Similar galls were collected at Palo Alto, Calif., on May 3 on flowers of Quercus lobata Nee, and some of the paratypes are from this lot.

Andricus mendocinensis, new species

Host: Quercus densiflora= Lithocarpus densiflora (Hook. & Arn.) Rehd., the tanbark oak. 

Gall: An abrupt woody swelling about 30 mm. in diameter, thought to be a "root gall," containing many separable cells. 

Habitat: Mendocino County, Calif. Collected May 29, 1917, by Dr. E. O. Essig. Described from two dead adults cut out of the gall at Stanford University in 1922. The gall can not now be located. If the host record is correct this is the first cynipid gall to be recorded on this host.

New American Cynipid Wasps From Oak Galls