Dasineura pilosa

Dasineura investita

Contarinia phytolaccae

Ametrodiplosis fulvescens

Ametrodiplosis fistulosae

Contarinia rudbeckiae

Schizomyia vernoniae

Contarinia negundinis

Resseliella globosa

Dasineura involuta

Asphondylia imbricata (summer and autumn generation)

Asphondylia imbricata (spring generation)

Asphondylia thompsonae (summer generation)

Asphondylia thompsonae (spring generation)

Asphondylia recondita

Asphondylia pruinosa

Asphondylia ovata (spring generation)

Asphondylia ovata (summer generation)

Asphondylia rudbeckiaeconspicua (summer generation)

Asphondylia rudbeckiaeconspicua (spring generation)

Asphondylia vernoniae

Asphondylia helianthiflorae

Asphondylia eupatorii (summer generation)

Asphondylia eupatorii (spring generation)

Asphondylia hydrangeae

Polystepha pilulae

Schizomyia eupatoriflorae

Schizomyia impatientis

Schizomyia umbellicola

Schizomyia verbesinae

Ampelomyia viticola

Ampelomyia vitiscoryloides

Contarinia racemi

Contarinia cerasiserotinae

Contarinia perfoliata

Ametrodiplosis menthae

Parallelodiplosis subtruncata

Blaesodiplosis crataegifolia

Blaesodiplosis venae

Resseliella tulipiferae

Vaccinidiplosis vaccinii

Asteromyia carbonifera

Asteromyia euthamiae

Asteromyia laeviana

Asteromyia tumifica

Neolasioptera vitinea

Neolasioptera laporteae

Neolasioptera ambrosiae

Neolasioptera boehmeriae

Neolasioptera convolvuli

Neolasioptera cornicola

Neolasioptera erigerontis

Neolasioptera eupatoriflorae

Neolasioptera eupatorii

Neolasioptera farinosa

Neolasioptera impatientifolia

Neolasioptera helianthi

Neolasioptera verbesinae

Neolasioptera linderae

Neolasioptera nodulosa

Neolasioptera perfoliata

Neolasioptera pierrei

Neolasioptera ramuscula

Neolasioptera rudbeckiae

Neolasioptera vernoniae

Neolasioptera viburnicola

Dasineura carbonaria

Dasineura folliculi

Dasineura purpurea

Dasineura tumidosae

Janetiella ulmii

Rabdophaga salicistriticoides

Rabdophaga strobiloides

Vitisiella brevicauda

Lasioptera cylindrigallae

Lasioptera solidaginis

Rhopalomyia anthophila

Rhopalomyia clarkei

Rhopalomyia pedicellata

Rhopalomyia solidaginis (summer and autumn generations)

Acericecis ocellaris

Craneiobia tuba

Sackenomyia commota

*Dasineura pilosa* produces a spherical, fuzzy stem gall (Fig. 235) on *Laportea canadensis*. These galls are from 10-15 mm long, with one larva per gall. *Dasineura pilosa* exhibits one generation a year, with the larvae overwintering in the gall.
Adults have not been reared to date. This species is known only from the gall and the larva.

Life History. Smooth oval leaf gall (Fig. 221) on *Laportea canadensis*. The gall is about 8.0-12 mm long and 4.0-5.0 mm wide. There are two generations a year, the full grown larva from the autumn generation overwinters in the central chamber of the gall.

Contarinia phytolaccae Plakidas is a multivoltine species which attacks the flower blossoms of Phytolacca americana Linnaeus. Infested blossoms do not open and are larger than uninfested ones (Fig. 8). The first generation occurs in early June and ends in October with the larvae overwintering in the soil.

The larvae of Ametrodiplosis fulvescens Plakidas are found actively feeding in fuzzy, oval leaf galls on Eupatorium perfoliatum from July through August. This gall is described in Gagné (1989) page 137 as a "hemispherical leaf swelling" "about 5.0 mm in diameter".

Life history. The larvae of Ametrodiplosis fistulosae Plakidas are in tubular leaf galls on Monarda fistulosa from June through August. The galls are 2.0 mm wide and 4.0 mm long, extending above the upper surface of the leaf. Larvae overwinter in the soil.

Life history. Contarinia rudbeckiae Plakidas is a multivoltine species whose larvae live at the base of the sepalsflush with the rim of the flower disc of Rudbeckia laciniata Linnaeus. One to three larvae develop in the infested area. The first generation occurs in the mid-July when the flowers first begin to develop and ends in early September with the larvae leaving the galls and overwintering in the soil.

*Schizomyia vernoniae* Plakidas is a univoltine species which attacks the flower blossoms of *Vernonia noveboracensis* (Linnaeus). Infested flower heads have no apparent gall formation and are only slightly larger than uninfested flower heads.

Contarinia negundinis produces a swelling at the base of the leaf buds of Acer negundo Linnaeus. I have never reared adults. The galls occur in April and early May and the larvae quickly leave the galls and drop to the soil where they overwinter.

*Resseliella globosa* Plakidas is a univoltine species which produces a flower blossom gall on *Acalypha virginica* Linnaeus. Infested blossoms do not open and are larger in size than uninfested ones. The gall is illustrated in Gagné (1989) page 195.

The galls (Fig. 230) occur at the stem apex and incorporate the leaflets of *Laportea canadensis*. The polythalamous galls are about 2.0 cm long and house 3-5 larvae. There is one generation a year, with the larvae overwintering in the galls.

*Asphondylia imbricata* Plakidas is a multivoltine species. Summer galls occur in the apical meristems of *Symphyotrichum lateriflorum* ... These galls are green, conical and composed of imbricated leaflets. One larva develops per gall.

[summer] galls are green, conical and comprised of imbricated leaflets. One larva develops per gall. In late September, females from apical galls oviposit into meristematic tissue at the base of the plant where [the?] [sic] neonate larva overwinters. The spring crown gall is formed at this location the following May.

...is a multivoltine species. Summer galls occur in the leaf axils of Symphyotrichum lanceolatum ... These galls are green, tightly compacted in the leaf axil with one larva per gall.

...is a multivoltine species. Summer galls occur in the leaf axils of *Symphyotrichum lanceolatum* ... These galls are green, tightly compacted in the leaf axil with one larva per gall. Females which emerge from late summer galls oviposit into meristematic tissue at the base of the plant where the neonate larvae overwinter. The spring crown gall develops at this location the following May.

*Asphondylia recondita* is a multivoltine species, which produces a leafy apical gall in the stem apices of *Symphyotrichum patens* (Aiton), one larva develops per gall. The spring crown gall develops at the base of the host plant the following May.

*Asphondylia pruinosa* is a univoltine species, producing a spring crown gall on golden ragwort, *Packera aurea* (Linnaeus) (formerly known as *Senecio aureus*). Galls develop from meristematic tissue on the root stump. Galls are polythalamous, green and pruinose [glistening] in appearance... Galls occur from mid-April through May.

*Asphondylia ovata* is a bivoltine species which produces an egg-shaped stem swelling along the main stem and upper branchlets of *Bidens frondosa* (Linnaeus). One larva develops per gall. Females from these galls oviposit at the base of the plant and neonate larvae overwinter at that site, where the spring crown gall is formed.

*Asphondylia rudbeckiaeconspicua* is a bivoltine species that produces a summer apical flower gall on *Rudbeckia laciniata* Linnaeus and a spring crown gall at the base of the plant the following May.

*Asphondylia vernoniae* Felt is a bivoltine species that produces a summer apical gall flower gall on *Vernonia noveboracensis* (Linnaeus) and a spring crown gall at the base of the plant the following May.

*Asphondylia helianthiflorae* Felt produces a polythalamous summer apical gall on the flower disc [of] *Helianthus strumosus* Linnaeus. Adults emerge from these galls in mid to late August. The spring gall is unknown.

*Asphondylia eupatorii* Felt is a bivoltine species which produces a polythalamous, apical gall in the stem apex of *Ageratina altissima* (Linnaeus) in late July and August. The spring crown gall occurs on the same host in late May to early June.

From bud galls on *Hydrangea arborescens*.

...from a woody leaf gall on *Quercus palustris* Muenchh.

...from overwintering larva...Gall on *Ageratina altissima* (Linnaeus).

One male reared 25 June 1993 from overwintering larva. Gall on *Impatiens capensis* Meerb.

one male reared 11 April 1993 and one female....gall on *Sambucus nigra* Linnaeus. 

One larva on slide taken from a polythalamous flower disc gall on *Verbesina alternifolia* (Linnaeus). One male and one female reared April 15 2012, from overwintering larvae. The gall is illustrated in Gagne on page 160 as *Cecidomyia verbesinae*. This species is clearly a *Schizomyia*, based on larvae and adults.

...taken from a tubular leaf gall on *Vitis* sp. August 13, 2009.

[note: Reported as "*Schizomyia viticola* (Osten Sacken 1862)"]

...taken from a woody cluster gall on *Vitis* sp.

[As "*Schizomyia vitiscoryloides*" (Packard 1869)]

This gall midge produces a succulent gall on the flower raceme of *Prunus serotina* Ehr. and incorporates some of the flower heads into the gall. The galls occur in April and the larvae drop to the soil where they overwinter.

From swollen buds on *Prunus serotina*. Larvae are active in galls in April and May and drop to the soil to overwinter, one generation a year.

I have reared adults of this gall midge from flower heads of *Eupatorium perfoliatum* in August. 

The larvae of *Ametrodiplosis menthae* Plakidas are found actively feeding in the unopened flower buds of *Mentha arvensis* from late July to early September[.] All larvae drop to the soil to pupate and produce two or three generations per year. I have also collected *Contarinia* sp. larvae from these galls so it is possible that the *Contarinia* sp. is the gall maker.

from leaf blister gall on *Cornus sericea* Linnaeus, June, 2009, Aspinwall

*Blaesodiplosis crataegifolia* is a univoltine species which produces a cockscomb leaf vein gall on *Crataegus* sp. 

*Blaesodiplosis venae* is a univoltine species which produces a globular leaf vein gall on *Crataegus* sp.

...from swollen leaf vein on *Liriodendron tulipifera*...

...from the oyster leaf gall on *Vaccinium stamineum* Linnaeus. *Vaccinidiplosis vaccinii is a univoltine species with gall formation occurring on the midvein on the underside of the leaf. Larvae exit the galls in September, drop to the leaf litter, and construct a cocoon in which they overwinter. 

*Asteromyia carbonifera* (Osten Sacken) is a multivoltine species which produces a blister leaf gall on *Solidago rugosa*.

*Asteromyia euthamiae* is a multivoltine species that produces a leaf blister gall on *Euthamia graminifolia* (Linnaeus).

This gall midge is responsible for a leaf blister gall on *Symphyotrichum laeve*. The galls are light yellow to gray in color.

*Asteromyia tumifica* (Beutenmüller) is a univoltine species which produces a stem canker on *Solidago canadensis* Linnaeus. The gall is located near the base of the stem, is polythalamous and the larvae overwinter in the gall. Adults emerge in May.

...reared from stems of *Laportea canadensis*.

[elsewhere emphasizes that all *Neolasioptera* species form galls]

[Doesn't give a direct gall description, but elsewhere emphasizes that all *Neolasioptera* species make galls.]

...from oval stem gall on hedge bindweed, *Convolvulus sepium* L. [now *Calystegia sepium*]...

...from stem chancre gall on *Cornus stolonifera* ...

...taken from stem galls on *Conyza canadensis* [now *Erigeron canadensis*]...

...reared from flower heads of *Eupatorium perfoliatum*...

[doesn't directly describe gall, but elsewhere states that all *Neolasioptera* species are gall makers]

...from branchlet gall on *Ageratina altissima*...

...from callous leaf vein galls on *Rubus* sp. ...

Gagné (2004) synonymized *Neolasioptera fulva* with *Neolasioptera impatientifolia*, however these two species are clearly morphologically different as larvae. Two main differences occur. ... Gall formation in *Neolasioptera impatientifolia occurs on leaf veins, while galls of *Neolasioptera fulva* are found on the main stem and branchlets.

[Gallformers.org follows the Gagné & Jaschhof (2021) checklist, which again synonymizes *Neolasioptera fulva* under *N. impatientifolia*.]

...reared from achenes of *Helianthus strumosus*...

[does not describe the galls, but earlier states that all *Neolasioptera* species in this paper form galls]

[as "*Neolasioptera incisa*"]:
...from apical branchlet galls on *Verbesina alternifolia* (L.)...

[as "*Neolasioptera verbesinae*"]:
...from stem gall on *Verbesina alternifolia*.

...from apical stem gall on blackberry, *Rubus* sp.

...from oval stem gall on *Eupatorium perfoliatum*.

...from branchlet galls on *Symphyotrichum dumosum* (Linnaeus) [sic]

...from stem swelling on *Rudbeckia laciniata*...

[as "*Neolasioptera vernoniae*"]:
...from stem galls on *Vernonia noveboracensis* ...

[as "*Neolasioptera vernoniflorae*"]:
Gall: an enlarged flower receptacle on *Vernonia noveboracensis*.

[gallformers.org follows the checklist of Gagné & Jaschhof (2021), which treats *N. vernoniflorae* as a synonym of *N. vernoniae*]

...from stem gall on *Viburnum dentatum*...

Larvae in enfolded leaves on *Euthamia graminifolia*...

Larvae in leafy apical bud gall on *Solidago rugosa*...

*Dasineura purpurea* is a multivoltine species whose larvae live and feed in the aborted flower buds of *Eupatoriadelphus purpureus* [now: *Eutrochium purpureum*]

*Dasineura tumidosae* is a univoltine species which produces a succulent leaf gall on *Fraxinus* spp. in May.

*Janetiella ulmii* leaf galls are commonly found on elm leaves throughout Allegheny County."

...from the "pine cone gall" on *Salix* sp.

...from a globular leaf gall on *Vitis* sp.

*Lasioptera cylindrigallae* is a univoltine species which produces an elongate stem swelling on *Euthamia graminifolia*

This is a univoltine species which produces a stem swelling at the base of the stem. Numerous larvae live in the gall chamber where they overwinter.

From vase shaped flower gall on *Solidago canadensis* [note: Plakidas does not appear to distinguish *S. canadensis* from its close relatives]

*Rhopalomyia clarkei* produces a conical leaf gall on *Solidago rugosa*...these galls, which are abundant in Allegheny County.

...from a pedicel [sic] gall on *Euthamia graminifolia*

...from an apical, leafy cluster gall on *Solidago canadensis* [note: Plakidas does not appear to distinguish *S. canadensis* from its close relatives]

This gall midge produces a reddish, leaf blister on the leaves of *Acer rubrum*. Galls are common in Allegheny County.

...produces a tubular leaf gall on *Cornus sericea* ... which first appears in early June.

...from a circular leaf blister formed on *Viburnum dentatum*...These galls form in early May and one larva develops per gall.

The Gall Midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Cecidomyiinae) From Allegheny County Pennsylvania