Asphondylia antennariae

Rhopalomyia antennariae

...I observed that the plantlets of *Antennaria plantaginifolia* covering a sloping pasture in an open wood near St. Francis, Milwaukee, had been so severely attacked by Cecidomyids as to have almost all their terminal buds converted into galls. 
[GF note: This probably refers to a different *Antennaria* species, because *A. plantaginifolia* in the current sense (e.g. as followed by POWO) probably doesn't grow near Milwaukee. *"A. plantaginifolia"* in 1888 could have referred to any *Antennaria* species in the eastern United States.] 
...
The galls of *Asynapta antennariae* are easily confounded at first sight with those of the *Cecidomyia [Rhopalomyia antennariae]* to which I have given the same specific name. More careful examination, however, soon reveals enough differences to permit of distinguishing the two species.
The *Asynapta* gall is more elongate, while the tips of the component leaves are scarcely recurved. The development of white trichomes is more regular, giving the gall a satiny appearance. The inner or upper surfaces of the leaves do not produce trichomes as in the other gall, but are smooth and shining, and are found to be covered with minute drops of moisture when the leaves are stripped asunder. The cells of the leaves, too, contain none of the red coloring matter, which gives the galls of *Cecidomyia* a reddish cast. Each gall contains only a single insect, which is not swathed in woolly trichomes but hollows out for itself a smooth cavity with hard and nut-like walls. 


...I observed that the plantlets of *Antennaria plantaginifolia* covering a sloping pasture in an open wood near St. Francis, Milwaukee, had been so severely attacked by Cecidomyids as to have almost all their terminal buds converted into galls. 
[GF note: This probably refers to a different *Antennaria* species, because *A. plantaginifolia* in the current sense (e.g. as followed by POWO) probably doesn't grow near Milwaukee. *"A. plantaginifolia"* in 1888 could have referred to any *Antennaria* species in the eastern United States.] 
...

...produced from a puncture of the terminal bud of the plantlet early in April... The gall on *Antennaria*, which is from ⅓ to ½ an inch in diameter, is corm-shaped and is brought about by a check in the growth of the scape-like flower-bearing stem, the sessile leaves of which become somewhat succulent, broader and longer than under normal circumstances, and, excepting the tips, which are somewhat recurved, closely applied to one another like the leaves of an onion. Both surfaces of the component leaves of the gall are covered with woolly trichomes, while the parenchyma cells of their more succulent basal portions acquire a reddish coloring matter. Frequently all the terminal buds of a plant to the number of a dozen or more will be found to have been punctured by the flies and converted into galls, which form clusters remotely resembling bunches of young hazel nuts....The numerous larvae are found imbedded in the woolly center of the gall, and though close together, are usually isolated by films of matted trichomes.

On two new species of Cecidomyid flies producing galls on Antennaria plantaginifolia