Peronyma quadrifasciata

Tephritis subpura

Eurosta floridensis

Eurosta cribrata

Eurosta lateralis

Acidogona melanura

HOST. - The larvae feed in Chrysopsis trichophylla, in irregularly shaped galls, usually on the stems, but sometimes at the bases of the flowers, or on the tender growth from the root crowns. The galls are usually compound, and may contain from 1 to 8 separate cells with a single larva or puparium in each. The larva before forming a puparium makes an exit place in the gall, only a thin and easily ruptured covering sealing the emergence hole.

(as *Trupanea (Tephritoides) subpura*)

The larvae feed in the tender growing stems of Baccharis glomeruliflora, tunneling out as much as an inch of stem and usually, but not always, forming slight swellings.

The larvae normally feed in galls on the roots of goldenrod (*Solidago*), growing in damp or wet soils. Occasionally the root galls project above the surface of the ground. Sometimes galls are formed on the stems, especially when the roots of the host are covered with water, during oviposition. A patch of infested goldenrod will frequently yield many galls, often several on the roots of a single plant, but with only a single larva or puparium in each gall. The infestations are usually in the form of local colonies. There are many species of closely related goldenrods in Florida, and possibly more than a single species serves as host. One species was identified, through the courtesy of authorities at the United States National Museum, as *Solidago fistulosa*. Daecke recorded the host on Long Island, N.Y., as *S. juncea*. p.28

[NOTE: *S. juncea* is for *E. comma*]

The larvae feed in root galls on goldenrod (*Solidago sempervirens*). From 1 to 4 galls were found on a single host plant. Those having galls were growing in soil subject to standing brackish water during spring and summer. These galls, which may attain a length of over 45 mm and a diameter greater than 25 mm, are normally just below the surface of the ground. Usually each gall contains only a single larvae or puparium, but very occasionally the galls are compound, containing two larvae or puparia separated by a thin partition. (p. 29, as *E. reticulata*)

The larvae feed in small round galls on the stems of goldenrod (Solidago sp.) (p. 27, as *E. nicholsoni*)

"The larva feeds singly in an individual flower of Hieracium, the egg being deposited in the young bloom, which remains tightly sealed until the adult emerges. Adults were obtained from flowers of *H. argyraeum [H. megacephalon]*, *H. scabrum*, and *H. gronovii*."

Descriptions of some Native Trypetid Flies with Notes on their Habits