Pachypappa pseudobyrsa

Pachypappa rosettei

Pachypappa sacculi

Cornaphis populi

Mordwilkoja vagabunda

Pemphigus betae

Pemphigus bursarius

Pemphigus tartareus

Pemphigus monophagus

Pemphigus nortonii

Pemphigus populicaulis

Pemphigus populiglobuli

Pemphigus populiramulorum

Pemphigus populitransversus

Pemphigus populivenae

Thecabius gravicornis

Thecabius populiconduplifolius

Thecabius populimonilis

Asiphum pseudobyrsum (Walsh)

Byrsocrypta pseudobyrsa Walsh, 1862:306.
Pemphigus pseudobyrsa, Oestlund, 1887:24.
Schizoneura populi; (misidentification), Gillette, 1908e:1. 
Asiphum pseudobyrsa Gillette, 1914a:269; Hottes and Frison, 1931a:348; Gillette and Palmer, 1934: 217

Collections. In pseudo galls of leaves of Populus sargenti [deltoides]. Colorado: Grand Junction, Rocky Ford, La Porte, Denver, Longmont and Fort Collins. Fundatrices May 27 to June 18, alate viviparae June 16 to July 13; not common. Fundatrix living in same leaf as progeny but on underside of midrib with young locating on underside of branch veins. Second generation alate viviparae (fundatrigeniae) all leave the tree, probably for an unknown summer host. 

Asiphum rosettei Maxson

Collections. On petioles and leaves of Populus tremuloides, causing leaves to be bent backward at base and stunting stems so as to form a rosette; fundatrix feeds on petiole and fundatrigeniae on unexposed side of leaves). Colorado: Canyon of South Saint Vrain (in Boulder County). Fundatrix and fundatrigeniae in July; very rare.

Asiphum sacculi Gillette

Collections. In pseudo gall of crumpled leaves with edges turned in, on Populus tremuloides. Colorado: Estes Park, Manitou, Pingree Park, Skyway and Ward. Fundatrices June 13 to Aug. 9, alate viviparae June 13 to Aug. 20; not common. 

Cornaphis populi Gillette

Collections. On Populus augustifolia in pale or red-streaked podlike pseudo galls composed of folded edges of leaves. Colorado: Monte Vista, South Saint Vrain Canyon and Fort Collins. Wyoming: Laramie. Fundatrices June 25, apterous summer viviparae and alate sexuparae July 10 to 15, sexuales July 15; rare. Fundatrix, apterous fundatrigeniae and sexuparae all develop in the same gall. 

Mordvilkoja vagabunda (Walsh)

Collections. In large complicated, convoluted, bladderlike leaf galls, com posed of crumpled leaves of a terminal bud on Populus sargenti [deltoides]. Colorado: Hugo, Longmont, Brighton, Kuner and Fort Collins. Wyoming: Laramie. Fundatrices May 2 to July 16 (still full of embryos and apparently in their prime), alate viviparae (fundatrigeniae) July 10 to 15 (gall still containing numerous young), alate sexuparae and sexuales (dead in dry galls from a previous year) Aug. 19; rare though common and abundant at times in localities.

Pemphigus balsamiferae Williams

Pemphigus betae Doane (questionable identification)

Collections. As winter hosts on Populus augustifolia and P. tacamahaca, in yellowish green to reddish pocketlike galls on underside with opening on upper side of leaves; as summer hosts on roots of both sugar and garden red beets (Beta vulgaris) and Chenopodium album, specimens apparently identical with this species taken on roots of Achillea sp., Agropyron sp., Aster multiflorus, Cycloloma atriplicifolium, head lettuce (Lactuca sativa), Poinsettia sp., Poly gonum aviculare, and Solidago sp. Throughout region. Fundatrices on Populus April 23 to July 10, apterous summer viviparae on summer hosts May 6 to Nov. 26, hiberating viviparae on summer hosts throughout the winter, alate viviparae on Populus July 4 to 11 and Sept. 23 to Oct. 28 and on summer hosts Aug. 27 to Nov. 23, sexuales on Populus Sept. 28 to Oct. 4; common often injurious. Fundatrix lives in gall with alate fundatrigeniae which leave for summer hosts, alate sexuparae return from the beet to the Populus where they deposit the sexuales.

Pemphigus bursarius (Linnaeus)

Hosts. As winter host in petiole galls on Populus sp.; as summer hosts on lambsquarters (Chenopodium sp.), carrot (Daucus sp.), lettuce (Lactuca sp.), Lampsana communis and Sonchus sp., on roots. (Not recorded from region.)

Pemphigus junctisensoriatus Maxson

Gall. Pale yellowish green. Composed mostly of swollen petiole; twisted on broadened leaf base; exit hole consisting of a crevice extending over halfway around between petiole and leaf. 

Collections. On Populus sargenti in petiole and leaf galls. Colorado: Wiggins and Boulder. Fundatrices and alate viviparae (fundatrigeniae) June 8 and 29, alate viviparae and sexuparae Sept. 2; rare This species is peculiar in the broad and occasionally anastomosed sensoria as well as the gall which consists mostly of enlarged petiole with exit hole in the form of a long slit between petiole and leaf.

Pemphigus monophagus Maxson

Gall. Pale greenish yellow. Composed mostly of swelling on upperside of leaf base with petiole broadened and somewhat twisted; orifice consisting of a slit on underside between petiole and leaf. Gall may be either globular or with more or less transverse indentation as shown in figure. 

Collections. In twisted petiole and leaf galls on Populus angustifolia and P. tacamahaca (There appears to be no alternate host since the alate viviparae leaving the gall as soon as it opens are already sexuparae and must deposit the sexuales on the winter host.) Colorado: Buckhorn Creek (near Masonville), at Redfeather, Horseshoe Park (in Rocky Mountain National Park), Colorado Springs and Walden. Fundatrices July 4 to Sept. 23, apterous summer viviparae July 12 to Sept. 23, alate viviparae (sexuparae) Aug. 18 to Sept. 23, sexuales Aug. 10 (born from alatae which were imprisoned); rather rare. The fundatrix and apterous viviparae (very few) are found in the galls with alate sexuparae.

Pemphigus mortonii Maxson

Gall. Pale yellowish green. In swollen leaf base twisted on flattened and broadened petiole base; exit hole small, round orifice on underside between leaf and petiole. Size 20 mm in diameter. 

Collections. On Populus sargenti in twisted petiole and leaf galls, indistinguishable from galls of P. populi-caulis. Colorado: Longmont, Dent and Fort Collins. Wyoming: Wheatland. Fundatrices and alate viviparae (fundatrigen iae) July 2 to Sept. 21; not very common. 

Chief Distinguishing Characters. Character of gall (composed largely of enlarged leaf and with exit hole, a small round opening on underside between leaf and petiole), 

Pemphigus populi-caulis Fitch

Gall. Yellowish green to creamy, formed of swollen base of leaf twisted with broadened petiole; exit a small round hole on underside between leaf and petiole. Size 10-13 mm in diameter

Cellections. As winter host on Populus sargenti and rarely P. acuminata, in twisted petiole and leaf galls; alternate host unknown. Throughout Colorado and nothern Utah. Fundatrices June 12 to Aug. 29, alate fundatrigeniae June 20 to Aug. 29; common. 

Chief Distinguishing Characters. Character, of gall with round exit hole.

This species is very close to P. bursarius (Linnaeus) and distinguished most certainly by form of gall. However, a number of collections of specimens ap parently inseparable from P. populicaulis have been taken in petiole galls re sembling those of P. populi-transversus. Galls of P. bursarius according to Tull gren (1909:114) and Theobald (1929:245) differ in more protruding lips. The question of the status of these forms requires further biological work. 

Pemphigus populi-globuli Fitch

Gall. Pale yellow or red. Composed mostly of swollen leaf base and flat but broadened petiole; exit hole a slit on underside between leaf and petiole. 

Collections. As winter host in petiole and leaf gall on Populus angustifolia and P. “balsamifera (?)" (probably P. candicans or deltoides since the localities recorded are out of the habitat range of P. tacamahaca). Utah: Throughout northern part of state. Colorado: Buckhorn Creek near Masonville), Longmont and Monte Vista. Fundatrices June 24 to July 4, alate fundatrigeniae July 4 and (dead specimens in gall) Aug. 18; rare. 

This species is very close to P. populi-caulis and only doubtfully separated by host, shape of gall which is without definite round exit hole and length of III in fundatrigenia (not distinctly longer than hind tarsal II, longer than hind tarsal II in P. populi-caulis). 

Pemphigus populi-ramulorum Riley

Gall. Green. Normally globular with transverse mouth, about 25 mm in diameter. In cases of heavy infestation some galls are elongated and some occur on petioles where they differ from galls of P. populi-transversus by protruding upper lip. Normally located on stem of twig at base of petiole.

Collections. As winter host on Populus sargenti and P. “balsamifera” (prob ably P. candicans or deltoides), in twig and sometimes petiole galls; summer host unknown. Throughout region. Fundatrices June 8 toJuly 22, alate funda trigeniae June 8 to Aug. 14; rather common.

Pemphigus populitransversus Riley

Gall. Same color as petiole but often with reddish tinge. Size, usually 12-18 mm in di ameter, occasionally 25. 

Collections. As winter host on Populus sargenti in petiole galls, as summer host on cruciferous plants (in Louisiana, not recorded on summer hosts in this region, but to be expected); Colorado: throughout state. Utah: Farmington and Santa Clara. Fundatrices June 8 to Aug. 29, alate fundatrigeniae June 12 to August 31; not abundant. 

Chief Distinguishing Characters. Petiole gall with transverse mouth

Pemphigus populi-venae Fitch

Gall. Greenish or yellowish, sometimes with blush of red. Pocketlike excrescence vary ing from oblong to semicircular on upperside of leaf with slitlike mouth on underside next to midrib, similar to that of P. balsamiferae but on opposite surface of leaf.

Collections. As winter host on Populus angustifolia, in pocketlike leaf galls. Colorado: Masonville, Boulder, Longmont and Fort Collins. Utah: Hyrum. Fundatrices May 18 to July 4, alate fundatrigeniae June 11 to July 12; rare. This species is doubtfully separated from P. populi-globuli except by the character of the gall, located on leaf blade, not involving petiole.

Thecabius gravicornis (Patch)

Pseudo Galls. Fundatrix in small pocketlike swelling on upperside of leaf about halfway between midrib and edge of leaf, opening on under side; progeny on underside of leaves which are folded downwards together on midrib. 

Collections. As winter host on Populus tacamahaca, in folded leaf pseudo galls. Colorado: Pennock Pass (above Masonville), Steamboat Springs and at Red Feather. Fundatrices Aug. 24, alate fundatrigeniae Aug. 18 and 24; rare, perhaps on account of rarity of host. 

Thecabius populi-conduplifolius (Cowen)

Pseudo Galls. Fundatrix solitary in leaf margin folded on underside; progeny living in colonies on underside of younger leaves folded under on midrib.

Collections. As winter host, in folded leaves of Populus “balsamifera” (probably P. candicans or P. deltoides) and P. sargenti as summer host on leaf bases of Ranunculus sp. Wyoming: Wheatland. Throughout Colorado and Utah. Fundatrices June 2 to 25, alate fundatrigeniae June 12 to Aug. 7 and alate sexuparae Sept. 21, apterous viviparae on Ranunculus Jan. 2 to April 23, alate vivi parae Sept. 13 to Oct. 4; rather common. 

Chief Distinguishing Characters. Folded leaf pseudo gall



Thecabius populi-monilis (Riley)

Gall. Pale green. The fundatrix gall containing a solitary fundatrix consists of a pocket like gall on upperside of a leaf at the base of the new growth, gall opening on underside, her young migrating soon after birth and locating separately near the margins on the underside of new leaves, forming a row of pocketlike or beadlike galls each 6-10 in diameter, each containing a solitary aphid, apterous or alate. The alatae migrate, probably to another tree. The apterae produce alate virgogeniae, which form new galls, and in August and September, alate sexuparae which develop in the gall with the mother. The sexuales are certainly deposited on the Populus, some were found in the galls in October; but certainly not all are deposited in the galls since the sexuparae are alate and are found leaving the galls as early as August 9.

Collections. On Populus angustifolia and P. tamacahaca, rarely on P. sargenti, in galls on leaves (apparently no alternate host existing). Throughout region. Fundatrices June 25, apterous and alate fundatrigeniae July 17 to Oct. 18, alate sexuparae Aug. 9 to Oct. 18, sexuales Oct. 18; rather common.

Aphids of the Rocky Mountain region