Melikaiella ostensackeni (sexgen)

Amphibolips trizonata (sexgen)

Callirhytis parva (sexgen)

Zopheroteras hubbardi (agamic)

Philonix gigas (agamic)

Synergus lignicola

Melikaiella flora (sexgen)

Callirhytis modesta (Osten Sacken).
Cynips modesta Osten Sacken, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vol. 1, 1861, pp 65-6.
Cynips papula Bassett, Canad. Ent., vol. 13, 1881, p 107.
C. modesta was described from three females from an irregular hard protuberance on both sides of leaf of red oak, the flies emerging in late June at Washington DC. In the Museum of Comparative Zoology the type flies are gone from the pins, and the type gall looks like a fragment of the gall of papula Bassett, whose types the writer has seen at Philadelphia.
C papula was described from a few females from a similar gall on red and black oak, the flies beginning to emerge July 12 in Connectict. The only material of the adults of papula available for comparative study has been a fly reared by the writer from the characteristic gall on the leaves of red oak at Medina, New York (the gall contained pupae on July 2), and flies determined by Gillette from Iowa. The writer has seen the old galls at Rosslyn, VA, and at Hugo, OK, and taken the fresh galls many times in the Chicago area, where they were very common in 1917 and contained pupae on July 16. Thus the structure of the gall, the host oak, and the known facts of the biology correspond closely, for one would expect the flies to emerge two weeks earlier at Washington, and it seems propable that modesta and papula are but two names for one species.

Amphibolips trizonata Ashmead.

The gall of this species was said to be "in the blossoms of an oak," but no description was given and the host oak unknown. 

Host.--Quercus emoryi and Quercus hypoleuca

Gall.--Globular, 25-40 mm in diameter; green, turning to a tan later; smooth or with a finely coriaceous surface. Interior of a dense cellular structure lighter in color than surface, but darker toward the nonseparable larval cell in center. From the attachment a number of whitish strands run up through the cellular tissue to the larval cell. Atached singly to side of small twigs, not a flower gall. 

Habitat.--AZ, NM

Callirhytis parva, new species

Host.--Quercus imbricaria

Gall.--On the staminate flowers dropping to the ground about the middle of May. Somewhat globular, greenish-white, covered with coarse sprawling pubescence, 3-4 mm in diameter, single or in clusters. Fleshy at surface, but harder inside; usually two-celled.

Locality.--VA, MO

Collected may 16, flies cut out of galls June 11.

Zopheroteras hubbardi

Parateras hubbardi Ashmead was described from two specimens from Detroit, "nothing known regarding habits." 

Therefore hubbardi seems to be congeneric with vaccinii and Parateras a synonym of Zopheroteras. The gall of hubbardi is still unknown. 

[Weld synonymizes Parateras (and thus P hubbardi) into Zopheroteras on the basis of comparison with Zopheroteras vaccinii. Note that the latter wasp was not known from a gall at the time--its association with the gall now known as Callirhytis vaccinii was known to be erroneous--and has not been matched to one since.] 

Philonix gigas, new species

Host: Quercus lyrata

Gall. — Globular, 15-20 mm. in diameter, produced on the under side of leaves and dropping to the ground in the fall. In appearance and structure they resemble the much smaller galls of Philonix nigra (Gillette). 

Habitat. — The type galls were collected at Hoxie, Arkansas. Seven flies emerged December 1, 1917; three December 18, 1917; and two March 24, 1919. From galls collected at Poplar Bluff, Missouri, three adults were cut out November 16, 1917. 

Callirhytis gemmaria 

The young galls may be found forming from late May to early June, secreting honeydew from a gland at apex and at this stage containing a thick translucent nutritive layer inside, with a scarcely discernable larval cavity in center. On June 16, 1917, a cluster of developing galls was found at Fort Sheridan on rubra and watched at intervals during the summer. "When visited a month later many of the galls were found to be plump and green, with a nipple at apex and many cells inside and they continued to enlarge and finally become woody and covered on outside with normal brown bark and remained on the tree all winter. They became the characteristic galls known in literature as Andricus davisi Beutenmueller, and from them only guest flies are reared. The types of davisi seen by the writer in six different collections are all guest flies of the genus Synergus. When attached by inquillines the galls, instead of dropping to the ground, keep on growing and remain on tree. 

In the Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History (vol. 42, 1920, p. 295), Doctor Kinsey, working with museum specimens only without field observations on the growing galls, recognizes that the characteristic galls of davisi yield only a Synergus, but he is in error in thinking that they are derived from Callirhytis punctata (Bassett). In favorable specimens one can often find on the summit of the davisi galls a trace of the nipple and ribbed surface of the normal gemmaria gall. In a footnote he admits the possibility of his error, but does not say from what they are derived. 

True parasites by killing the maker may stunt the growth of a gall and cause a characteristic appearance, and guest flies may also modify it. Cecidologists when describing galls should be sure they are describing a normal structure, and one can not always be sure of this from single specimens. They may be sure it is normal if they rear the maker, or, failing in this, find the gall in numbers and especially season after season. 

Callirhytis flora, new species

Host. — Quercus wislizeni 

Gall. — An abrupt smooth and polished swelling of the midrib on the under side at the base of the leaf blade and rarely extending half the length of the leaf, 10-30 mm. long by 6-9 mm. in diameter; polythalamous, hard. 

Habitat. — The type locality is Mount Tamalpais, Marin County, California, where galls were collected May 25, 1918. Galls were also collected at Camp Baldy June 15. In both cases flies issued and died in the packets before August 14. The galls were seen also at Bagby, Los Gatos, and Santa Margarita. The new galls start to develop in April and are full grown in about a month. A similar gall occurs on Q. agrifolia, and when reared it will probably prove to be caused by this species.

Notes on cynipid wasps, with descriptions of new North American species