Disholcaspis pruniformis (agamic)

Aulacidea abdita

Aulacidea annulata

Andricus furnaceus (agamic)

Andricus marmoreus (agamic)

Striatoandricus nievesaldreyi (agamic)

Atrusca brevipennata (agamic)

Feron tecturnarum (agamic)

Cynips incomptum (agamic)

Diplolepis nodulosa

Callirhytis quercuspunctata (agamic)

Synergus lignicola

Diastrophus tumefactus

Neuroterus rileyi (agamic)

Andricus quercuspetiolicola (sexgen)

Andricus peredurus (agamic)

Disholcaspis fungiformis (agamic)

Burnettweldia plumbella (agamic)

Disholcaspis unicolor (agamic)

Striatoandricus guatemalensis (agamic)

Disholcaspis pruniformis, new species

GALLS.-About the size and shape of a small plum (Figs. 44 and 45), yellow to reddish brown. Monothalamous. Somewhat elongate, broadest nearer the apex, more pointed toward the base, about 2.8 X 2.1 cm., light yellowish brown, broadly tinged with reddish brown, most likely entirely smooth while alive, but the thin skin becoming slightly rough by shrivelling on drying. Internally filled with a compact, not solid mass of yellowish, crystalline, sawdust-like material, only slightly approaching a woody fiber structure around the larval cell which is central in the gall, thick-shelled, and closely imbedded (at least in the dried gall) in the surrounding tissue. Attached on the side of the young twig, at the one-year node, on"post-oak."

RANGE.-Texas

The galls, though bearing separate numbers, had been placed together with galls of Amphibolips gainesi, and the galls of the species are superficially similar, but the gall of D pruniformis differs in not being perfectly round and in being colored yellowish and reddish brown. 

Aulacidea abdita, new species
Plate XXI, Figures 6 and 7

Galls -- None. The insect lives in cavities in the pith of the stems of Lactuca elongata and most likely other species of Lactuca. There is no proliferation of the pith-tissue and scarcely any differentiation of the lining of the cells. These cells average 2.0 mm. by 1.2 mm. Externally, the stem shows no trace of a gall.

Range: Canada: Quebec

Aulacidea annulata, new species

Galls --Terminal swelling of a stem, more or less club-shaped and somewhat bent and twisted, the enlargements gradual from the stem, of greatest diameter at the summit. Averaging about 70 mm. long by 18 mm. in greatest diameter. Under the bark the plant tissue is twisted, resembling the trunk of a wind-beaten tree. Many leaf petioles or stems of flower clusters are grouped at the summit of the gall, their bases involved in the swelling. Internally the galls are filled with pith, scattered through which are many larval cells, each oval, averaging 3.5 X 2.5 mm.
Range. -- Massachusetts: Sharon.

Andricus furnaceus, new species

Gall. —A light grayish brown, rather regular swelling around small twigs, resembling a baked potato. Polythalamous, a single gall containing fifty or more larval cells. Matted, light brownish gray in color, resembling the skin of a baked potato, with scattered flakes or patches of loosened, dark brown, "burnt" skin. The whole interior is hard, compact-granular with very little solid woody fibre; the larval cells average 2.5 X 4.0 mm., formed of a layer distinct from but closely embedded in the surrounding tissue, the cells scattered irregularly throughout the gall, but more abundantly near the center. Surrounding and surmounting the young twigs (preventing their further growth) of Quercus sp.

Range: San Luis, Potosi

Andricus marmoreus, new species

Gall. — A solid, marble-like gall, mottled in color, about globular, and smooth, with a blunt tip. Monothalamous. The gall is 9 mm. or less in diameter, subspherical, somewhat flattened vertically, with usually a broad-linear tip at the apex 2-3 mm. long; the surface is light brown, not entirely smooth in dried specimens, the deeper portions colored darker, forming a speckled or even mottled design. The gall is solid, although the tissue is not compact, and contains a distinct but not separable larval cell which is about 3 mm. in diameter. Often in numbers, though not densely clustered, on the new shoots of Quercus sp.; the wedge-shaped base of the gall is inserted in deep slits in the twig, causing thin layers of the bark to flare slightly around the base of the gall.

Range: San Luis, Potosi

The gall is like a typical "bullet-gall" of the genus Disholcaspis, except that it does not have a separable larval cell. 

Andricus mexicanus, new species

[This is a partial synonymy; Kinsey took galls now thought to be induced by [Striatoandricus guatemalensis](https://www.gallformers.org/gall/4220) in Guatemala and nievesaldreyi in Mexico to be a single species. This record only includes information now referable to nievesaldreyi.]

Hosts: Quercus macrophylla

Range: Mexico: "Mountains near Guadalajara" (Bassett); Sierra de Nayarit, Jalisco.

Gall: A large mass of wool, about hemispherical, 2.0-3.5 mm. in diameter, lemon-yellow to bright orange-brown; the hairs crystalline, brittle, forming a coating on the central core about 10 mm. thick; the core polythalamous, of a dense, crystalline material, without separable larval cells. On the midvein, on the upper sides of leaves of an oak, Quercus macrophylla Nee? (Prof. Jack det.).

The gall is a splendid thing and must be very attractive if at all abundant in its range. The recorded stations are over one thousand miles apart, for apparently this is the same species of which Cameron and Bassett have described the gall, though neither obtained the adult. Bassett said that the host of his galls was probably Q crassifolia [a red-group oak, not plausible for this wasp].

Andricus pellucidus, new species

Osten-Sacken, 1873

Galls: Globular, smooth, dull or somewhat shining, thin-shelled, yellowish to pinkish, translucent galls, monothalamous, 8-15 mm. in diameter, empty except for a few, very fine radiating fibers which hold the larval cell central in the gall.

Range: Colorado Springs, Colorado.

The gall is very pretty, being even thinner than the galls of Dryophanta bella, D dugesi, and D rubrae, which it resembles. 

Andricus tecturnarum, new species

Galls.--Buff or reddish brown, woolly masses containing scores of closely clustered, hollow, urn-shaped galls. Each gall is monothalamous, about 10 mm long by 3 mm in diameter, consisting of a tube, which is rather conical, but compressed by contact with the other galls, thin-walled, crystalline, the upper half hollow and open at the end, a partition separating this space from a cavity which occupies the lower half of the gall and in which the larva lives. Each gall bears straw-colored to buff or reddish brown, crystalline hairs which are most dense near the summit, and which make of the cluster a single, oval mass often 35 x 25 mm in size. The galls are all attached to the midribs, on the under surfaces of leaves of a species of Quercus. 

Range: Mexico: San Luis, Potosi

The individual galls are not unlike those of Andricus crystallinus or Callirhytis tubicola in structure, but they are entirely different in details of form and in being clustered in the large, woolly masses.

Andricus incomptus, new species

Host: Quercus sp [Quercus grisea added as a placeholder]

Gall.--A mass of golden brown, straggling wool, containing a spherical core which is set with a dense, rich reddish-brown pubescence. Monothalamous. The covering hairs are 5 mm or more in length, brittle, and rather wavy, forming an "uncombed" mass about 15 mm in diameter. The central core is spherical, averaging 7 mm in diameter, and is covered with a very dense pubescence of dark reddish-brown hairs less than 1 mm long; this covering is quite distinct from the longer, fewer hairs which form the main covering of the gall. The walls of the central core are almost 1 mm in thickness, and the rest of the core is taken up with the large larval cell. Singly, or more often in groups of two, on the under surfaces (less often on the upper surfaces) of the leaves of a species of Quercus.

The gall is very distinct.

Range: Mexico, San Luis, Potosi

Rhodites vernus

Cynips tuberculosa
Rhodites verna
Rhodites nodulosus

[no gall description or photo included, only a synonymy]

Andricus punctatus

Cynips quercus punctata
Cynips quercus podagrae
Andricus davisi
Holcaspis globulus (error)

Hosts: Quercus ilicifolia, rubra, velutina, coccinea

[The majority of the galls Kinsey discusses here are those of Synergus lignicola affecting Callirhytis quercusgemmaria; he admits in a footnote that he may be "wrong in believing Andricus punctatus to be ever involved."]


Synergus lignicola [Kinsey, apparently mistakenly, states that these galls are induced by Andricus punctatus and modified by Synergus lignicola as inquilines]

Hosts: Quercus ilicifolia, rubra, velutina, coccinea

The galls from which these [Synergus lignicola adult males and females] were bred appear to be deformed specimens of Andricus punctatus. 

The parasitized or inquiline-inhabited galls are quite different from normal galls of the species. Infested galls are usually more or less globular, in groups, but not so completely fused into a single mass as normally. Internally these galls are only loosely woody, with several small larval chambers (without a distinct larval cell-wall) arranged somewhat radially and near the bark. Each portion of the fused mass of the normal gall is woody and will contain toward the center one to three good-sized larval cells with a distinct cell-wall. This is a typical instance of the change effected in the structure of a gall when it becomes inhabited by inquilines. 

Diastrophus tumefactus, new species

Galls.--Nodular swellings of the stem. Polythalamous or agglomerate, ie many separate cells nearly together in a single stem. Each swelling averages about 15 mm long by 10 mm in diameter, but several swellings will fuse to make one gall 7 cm, more or less, in length; it is covered with the smooth bark of the stem, but has scattered, very minute, blunt spines. The larval cells within are distributed irregularly through the pith which proliferates somewhat about the chamber, but this cell is not separable, nor is it formed of a distinct layer. On the stems of Potentilla monspelienesis var norvegica.

Range: Quebec, Ontario

Neuroterus thompsoni, new species

Neuroterus rileyi (error) [Kinsey separates N thompsoni from rileyi here but subsequently synonymizes it as a variety of a broader N rileyi in 1923]

Galls.--Pustulate swellings under the bark, each swelling oval, about 2 x 3 mm, and elevating the bark about 1 mm; usually many galls are confluent, around the twig and along it for a length of 2-12 cm. Larval cells, distinct but inseparable, lie in the wood, near the bark, 1-5 to each pustule, and each about 0.7 mm in diameter. On young twigs of Quercus prinoides.

Range: MA

The galls form in May. 

Andricus concolorans, new species

Cynips cicatricula (gall)
Andricus cicatricula (gall)
Callirhytis cicatricula (gall)
Andricus cicatriculus (gall)
(Andricus cicatriculus belongs to Ceroptres and is an inquiline in the gall of Cynips concolorans)

Gall "Polythalamous galls on the midvein of the leaves of Quercus alba, prinus, prinoides, never more than one on a leaf, and situated sometimes at the base, but usually from one-fourth to one-half way from the base, rarely above the middle. They project one-third below and two-thirds above the surface of the leaf. The gall is solid and somewhat fibrous, and in its shorter diameter measures about one-half inch and in the longer from five to seven-eighths of an inch. The larval cells radiate in all directions from the center of the gall and are quite numerous. There is at or near the summit of the cone a small scar or indentation" - Bassett 1881 p 101.

Range: MA, RI, CT, NY

Thompson found the adults emerging late in June.

Andricus peredurus, new species

Hosts: Quercus sp [Quercus potosina added as a placeholder based on range]

GALL.-A large, darkbrown, irregular, woody mass (Figs. 28and29) surrounding a small twig. Polythalamous, often containing fifty or more larval cells. The whole is formed of very many distinct but thoroughly fused masses, forming a rather spherical gall 8 mm. more or less in diameter; the surface is very rough, completely cracked as though it were burnt leather, the raised portions polygonal, averaging 2 mm. in diameter, dark, blackish brown, the separating lines being much lighter or yellowish.Internally the gall is composed of a dense, somewhat granular tissue which becomes more compact-woody close to the margin and immediately around the larval cells. The gall is quite too hard to cut through with a knife. The larval cells are about 3mm. in diameter, but elongate, and are closely surrounded by the woody tissue; they are scattered quite irregularly throughout the gall. Surrounding the young twigs of Quercus sp.

RANGE.-Mexico: San Luis, Potosi (Palmer Coll.).

Disholcaspis fungiformis, new species

[only female described]

GALLS.-A very curious cluster (Figs. 37 to 39) of brownish, mushroom-shaped,twig galls. Each gall is small, composed of three distinct parts: a solid top which is abroad, flattened cone 7-10 mm. in diameter but barely 4 mm. in height, the upper surface irregularly pitted, buff-brown, with the apex dark brown; a small, solid stem not 2 mm. in diameter and 2 or 3 mm. long connecting this cap with the base which contains the larval cell; a base which is a broad, inverted cone, the apex being the point of attachment on the twig, with an irregular, flaring, thin, leaf-like cup extending from this base up and around the cap of the gall, resembling an enormously developed cup at the base of a mushroom. Each gall is monothalamous, the larval cell occupying most of the basal part of the gall, the cell distinct from but tightly enclosed in the surrounding tissue. On the twigs of a variety of Quercus virginiana [presumably this refers to Quercus fusiformis].

RANGE.-Texas: Tiger Mills, Burnett Co. (Schaupp); San Carlos (in Coll.Gray Herb.).

The gall is the most curiously complicated structure I have seen among cynipid productions. It is possible that it is of quite a different form when young and fresh. I find additional specimens of these; galls on oak material in the collections of the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University. This material was collected in November 1831 and is from San Carlos, Texas, which is over four hundred miles from the locality of the type material.

The general shape of this gall is very different from that of most of the species of Disholcaspis, but the location and character of the larval cell is typical for that genus. The insect is a true Disholcaspis.

Disholcaspis plumbella, new species

GALLS.-Small, brown, bullet-galls (Figs. 34 to 36), bearing a sharp, projecting point at the apex. Monothalamous. Entirely spherical, 9 mm. or less in diameter,yellowish or reddish brown, the surface of the dried galls shrivelled but essentially smooth, bearing a sharp point at the apex which is about 1.5 mm. long. Internally the gall is filled with a loosely granular, yellow tissue; the larval cell is hardly distinct from this surrounding tissue. On twigs of Quercus dumosa.

RANGE.-California: San Diego County (D. Cleveland Coll.)

Disholcaspis unicolor, new species

Hosts: Quercus sp. [Quercus oleoides added as a placeholder]

GALLS.-Large, globular bullet-galls (Figs. 40 to 43) with a nipple at the apex; rough, with a mealy covering when younger. Monothalamous. 21 mm. or less in diameter. Buff-brown in color when young, dark gray or black when old. Internally quite filled with a solid, woody tissue, the thick-shelled, egg-shaped larval cell separable but tightly enclosed in the younger gall, lying loose in a good-sized cavity in the mature gall. On the twigs of a species of Quercus, singly, or several near together.

RANGE.-Mexico: Saltillo Mts. (Palmer Coll.).

Except for its more woody tissue internally, the gall of this species seems quite identical with the gall of Disholcaspis cinerosa (Bassett,1881, Can. Ent., XIII, p. 110), which is known from Texas only. The adult, though very closely related to cinerosa, is really very distinct and readily distinguished from that species by the key characters I have given at the beginning of the description of this species. I have examined a large series of adults of cinerosa and do not find that it varies toward unicolor.

Andricus mexicanus, new species

[This is a partial synonymy; Kinsey took galls now thought to be induced by Striatoandricus guatemalensis in Guatemala and [nievesaldreyi](https://www.gallformers.org/gall/2674) in Mexico to be a single species. This record only includes information now referable to guatemalensis.]

Range: Guatemala: San Geronimo (Cameron). 

Gall: A large mass of wool, about hemispherical, 2.0-3.5 mm. in diameter, lemon-yellow to bright orange-brown; the hairs crystalline, brittle, forming a coating on the central core about 10 mm. thick; the core polythalamous, of a dense, crystalline material, without separable larval cells.

The gall is a splendid thing and must be very attractive if at all abundant in its range. The recorded stations are over one thousand miles apart, for apparently this is the same species of which Cameron and Bassett have described the gall, though neither obtained the adult. Bassett said that the host of his galls was probably Q crassifolia [a red-group oak, not plausible for this wasp].

New species and synonymy of American Cynipidae