Callirhytis balanacea (agamic)

Andricus coortus (agamic)

Feron albicomus (agamic)

Callirhytis juvenca (agamic)

Zopheroteras cuneatum (agamic)

Andricus formosalis (agamic)

Neuroterus argentatus (agamic)

Feron apiarium (agamic)

Striatoandricus furnessulus (agamic)

Neuroterus clavensis

Andricus verensis (agamic)

Andricus bracteatus (agamic)

Andricus stramineus (agamic)

Andricus frondeum (agamic)

Phylloteras sigma (agamic)

Dros viscidum (agamic)

Andricus costatus (agamic)

Andricus opertus (agamic)

Callirhytis bipapillata (sexgen)

Callirhytis electrea (agamic)

Callirhytis florensis (sexgen)

Melikaiella lupana (sexgen)

Callirhytis perrugosa (agamic)

Melikaiella sonorae (agamic)

Kokkocynips attractans (sexgen)

Callirhytis balanacea, new species

Host.--Quercus palustris

Gall.--A pip gall produced late in fall beside small acorns of the current season. Almost spherical, up to 6.3 mm in diameter, smooth, bare, green with a small black papilla at apex, secreting honeydew. Full grown and dropping off during October after which a thin, fleshy outside layer soon turns black, wrinkles, and dries down on the hard inner shell, 3.5 by 4 mm, within which is a thick nutritive layer containing the larval cavity.

Biology.--Galls were collected in October 1930. During October 1931 most of the larvae transformed into adults, which remained within the galls on the ground during the winter and emerged March 26 to April 2, 1932. A few larvae hung over and adults emerged on April 1, 1933. From galls collected in October 1931 adults emerged March 14-28, 1933. October 1935 galls gave adults on March 28, 1937. On March 20 and April 1, 1940, adults emerged from galls collected in October 1938. One was captured at Mount Vernon, Va., on March 21, 1915, by W. L. McAtee. 

Habitat. — The type material was collected from two trees at East Falls Church, Va. Galls were seen at Waterford and Bluemont, Va., and at Poplar Bluff, Mo. William Beutenmueller collected galls in Woodlawn Cemetery, New York City, but failed to rear adults.

Andricus coortus, new species

Gall (pl. 1, fig. 5). — A bud gall in the fall consisting of 1 to 7 elongated, vertical, parallel cells each with a dense, thick, dark-colored wall, the whole forming an elongated or rounded mass projecting above the bud scales, the surface not smooth, covered with short pubescence.

Hosts. — Quercus douglasii and Q. dumosa.

Andricus albicomus, new species

Gall:
A thin-walled conical gall about 5 mm. in diameter on the underside of a leaf in the fall, densely covered with pedicelled, stellate grayish-white hairs. Inside is a transverse basal larval cell with a distal cavity opening at apex. 

Host: 
Quercus garryana


Callirhytis juvenca, new species

Gall. — A midrib cluster on underside of leaf in fall similar to gall of C. lustrans (Beutenmueller), but smaller, mottled white and greenish with often a pinkish tinge when fresh, with a scar at apex 

Habitat. — The type locality is Young, Ariz., where Mrs. N. W. Capron collected galls on an undetermined oak November 1, 1935. Four flies emerged on March 20, 15 more by March 24, and one more by April 3, 1937. Agreeing with these is an adult taken ovipositing on Quercus gambelii at Williams, Ariz., on April 11, 1918.

Zopheroteras cuneatum, new species

Host: Quercus alba

Conical, red, 3.0-4.4 mm. long by 1.5 mm. broad at base, attached to the very base of the petiole in fall just as the leaves are turning. On young trees or sprouts from stumps. Rare.

Habitat: VA, MO, AR

On October 17, 1938, the living adult was cut out of a gall collected just a year previously at East Falls Church, Va. Galls have been seen at Ironton, Mo., and at Hot Springs and Texarkana, Ark. 

Andricus formosalis, new species

Host. — Quercus emoryi

Gall (pl. 2, fig. 13). — Ovoid, 8 by 5 mm., whitish with a velvety surface when young, a button-shaped mass of pubescence at apex. Produced in clusters of 3-5 on the previous year's growth early in spring, dropping to the ground early in July. A cross section of a mature gall shows a larval cavity in the center, 2 mm. in diameter, the thick surrounding wall cellular and traversed by 11-13 rather large canals. 

Habitat. — The type material was collected at Wolf Creek Camp near Prescott, Ariz., July 13, 1935, by Mrs. N. W. Capron. Living adults were cut out of the galls on April 15, 1936. She also sent old galls from Young, Ariz., and clusters just starting to develop on February 4 from Nogales. The writer collected these galls at Oracle, Nogales, Patagonia, and in the Huachuca Mountains, Ariz. 

Neuroterus argentatus, new species

Host: Quercus gambelii

Gall (pl. 2, fig. 10).— Ellipsoidal, dark colored, 1.2 by 0.9 mm. by 0.6 mm. high, firmly attached to underside of leaf in numbers close to main veins. Each is covered, except in center where there is a slight papilla, with radiating straight silvery single-celled hairs about 0.5 mm. long. Exit hole near one end. 

Habitat. — The type material was collected by Mrs. N. W. Capron in Oak Creek Canyon, Ariz., in November 1937 when adults were then emerging. Galls were seen at Grand Canyon also. Similar galls were collected on Q. subturbinella at Camp Creek and Mayer, Ariz. 

Liodora apiarium, new species 

Host: Quercus alba

Gall. Solitary, sessile, on underside of leaf close to edge in October, shaped like an old-fashioned straw beehive, white or pinkish, measuring up to 4.6 mm broad by 4.0 mm high. Inside is a large cavity with a transverse larval cell at very base. During the winter on the ground the outer fleshy layer shrivels and the gall becomes more cylindrical. Not common. 

Habitat. — The type is from a series of 16 that were found alive in out-of-door breeding cage on March 7, 1942, from galls collected at East Falls Church, Va., in October 1940. In galls collected at Vienna, Va., in October 1938 living adults were found the next October and one emerged on February 12, 1940, and others had emerged and died in the cage by April 15. Galls have been seen at Bluemont and Rosslyn, Va., Cabin John, Md., and Washington, D. C. 

Andricus furnessulus, new species

Gall (pl. 2, fig. 10). — A woolly mass partly or entirely encircling small twigs, measuring up to 30 by 25 mm., pure white or rosy when young, consisting of a large number of separate biconical cells attached at a common point, each covered with long hairs. These measure about 7 by 5 mm., shorter and broader than in furnessae. 

Host. — Quercus oblongifolia. 

Habitat. — The type is selected from a series from a gall sent from Nogales, Ariz., by Mrs. N. W. Capron on February 4, 1935. Paratypes also are from a gall sent by Ed Jacot from Bear Canyon in the Huachuca Mountains, Ariz., March 30, 1919, the adults emerging May 10-28. The writer collected galls at Nogales and Patagonia, Ariz., and in the Santa Rita Mountains.

Neuroterus clavensis, new species

Host. Quercus gambelii

Gall. Resembles the white-oak club gall externally but with a different internal structure, having a compact nest of cells on one side imbedded in brownish corky tissue. 

Habitat.— Galls at Flagstaff, Ariz., contained adults on April 10 and flies emerged May 11-23. Galls from Prescott, Ariz., gave adults on same dates. Galls were seen at Grand Canyon and Williams, Ariz., and in New Mexico at Tijeras and Fierro and in Colorado at Colorado Springs.

Andricus vernus, new species

Host. — Quercus garryana. 

Gall (pl. 1, fig. 2). — A smooth, globular, green axillary bud gall, 4-5 mm. in diameter, with a very slight nipple at apex early in spring as new leaves are developing. When detached showing a small whitish sunken scar. After dropping the thin outer fleshy layer becomes wrinkled and soon weathers away, leaving a smooth, slightly elongated, light tan cell whose wall is 0.6-0.7 mm. thick, not brittle, containing about 15 small longitudinal passages. 

Habitat . — Galls were collected on May 23, 1922, at Fort Jones, Calif., and sent to Washington under Hopkins U. S. No. 15640. The nutritive layer was then used up and the larvae full grown. Adults emerged on April 27, 1923, April 21, 1924, and April 3, 1925. These galls were seen on this host at Yreka and Scott Bar, Calif., and at Siskiyou, Oreg. Similar galls were seen on Quercus dumosa at Lakeport, Bartlett Springs, and Ukiah, Calif.

Andricus bracteatus, new species.

A terminal bud gall, globular, up to 8.4 mm. in diameter, more or less covered with leafy bracts, which are green when young, becoming tan. Occurs in fall. Monothalamous, with a thick cavernous wall.

The type is selected from a series from galls collected by Mrs. N.W. Capron on November 1, 1935, at Young, Ariz., on an undetermined oak, the adults emerging some time before April 1936. Two paratypes are from galls on Quercus oblongifolia, which see sent from Nogales on February 4, 1935, then containing live adults. Two others are from Wolf Creek Camp, 10 miles from Prescott, Ariz. One is from a gall the writer collected in the Santa Rita Mountains, Ariz., on December 7, 1921, on Q. diversicolor containing a living adult and one from a gall from the Huachuca Mountains on the same host. These galls were seen on Q. arizonica also at Oracle and on Q. toumeyi at Patagonia, Ariz.

Andricus stramineus, new species.

A tan-colored, bare, smooth, ellipsoidal gall, bursting out of the bark along the internodes of small twigs, drawn out to a blunt point at apex, 2 by 3 mm. by 3mm. high, single or in small groups in fall. Contains a single larval cell with a wall 0.2 mm. thick.

Host.-Quercus oblongifolia.

Habitat.-Mrs. N.W. Capron collected galls containing pupae on February 4, 1935, at Nogales, Ariz. One adult was cut out of the gall on February 14 and three emerged on March 5. She collected galls also at Young, Ariz., on an undetermined oak. Galls have been seen at Patagonia, Ariz.

Trichoteras frondeum, new species

Host.--Quercus chrysolepis

Gall (pl. 1, fig. 6). — A transformed lateral bud, the outer brown bud scales surrounding a mass of thinner, narrower bracts. At the base in the center is a single, ovoid, thin-walled cell, 3.0 by 1.7 mm. at whose base and apex is a circle and tuft of straight, single-celled, slender white hairs 1.5 mm. long. 

Habitat. — The types (dead) were cut out of galls collected at Idyllwild, Calif., on September 21, 1922. The characteristic galls have been seen on Mount Wilson, in the San Bernardino Mountains, in Sequoia National Park, at Kyburz, Los Gatos, and Shasta in California, and at Canyonville, Oreg. A similar gall on Quercus wilcoxii was noted in the Santa Catalina, Chiricahua, and Huachuca Mountains in Arizona.

Phylloteras sigma, new species

Host.--Quercus alba

Gall (pl. 2, fig. 22). — Sessile on underside of leaf near edge in the fall. Fusiform, flattened, the ends slightly curved in reverse directions, up to 4 mm. long by 2 mm. wide, with the larval cell in a depression in the center. It starts to develop late in June. Kare. 

Habitat.—East Falls Church, Va., is the type locality. From galls collected October 22, 1940, a living adult was found in out-of-door breeding cage on March 7, 1942. Galls have been seen at Vienna, Va., and Cabin John, Md.; at Ithaca, Manorville (Crosby), and Nyack (Zabriskie), N. Y., and at Washington, D. C. (Pergande). Bassett collected galls in Connecticut.

Liodora viscida, new species

Host.--Quercus oblongifolia

Gall (pl. 1, fig. 3). — A spangle-gall sessile on veins on underside of leaf late in fall, 2-4 mm. in diameter, fleshy, pinkish, covered with stellate hairs on its sticky surface, the edge inrolled, the larval cell basal and eccentric. One to four on a leaf. 

Habitat. — Mrs. N. W. Capron collected galls containing white pupae on January 21, 1935, at Nogales, Ariz. Adults emerged on February 21, 22, and 27.

Andricus costatus, new species

Host. — An undetermined oak. 

Gall (pl. 2, fig. 17). — A depressed ribbed sphere produced in July on the side of acorn cup of several species of white oaks in the Southwest. The gall measures 3.0 mm. in diameter, the ribbed structure showing best on underside when detached. 

Habitat. — The single adult emerged on April 5, 1942, from a gall collected on an undetermined oak by Mrs. N. W. Capron in July 1940 at Indian Creek, near Prescott, Ariz. Similar galls have been seen by the writer on Q. fendleri at Trinidad, Colo., and Shoemaker, N. . ; on Q. subturbinella at Tijeras, N. Mex., and on Q. gambelii at Flag- staff, Ariz.

Andricus nigridius, new name

Callirhytis nigra
Diplolepis operta
NOT Andricus luteicornis var niger
NOT Andricus niger

C. nigra was described as from a twig swelling on Quercus lobata and being thought to have simple claws was placed in Callirhytis. The unique type at Stanford University examined in 1935 has the claws toothed and was found to agree with paratypes of Diplolepis operta Weld, which came from galls inside the buds of Q. lobata. The type gall at Stanford is a twig swelling, which also bears a large bud with an exit hole in the side, and the type fly evidently came from a gall inside the bud rather than from the twig swelling. As the name niger was preoccupied in Andricus by Tavares in 1902, the new name nigridius is here proposed for nigra Fullaway, 

Callirhytis bipapillata, new species

Host.-- Quercus ilicifolia

Gall (pl. 1, fig. 8 ; pi. 2, fig. 20) . — Leaf parenchyma galls, not detachable, not confluent, on several leaves derived from the same leaf bud and as many as 200 or 300 on a leaf. Individual galls are ellipsoidal, 1.2 mm. high, projecting equally on upper and lower surfaces of the leaf, 0.8-0.9 mm. in diameter, bare above, pubescent below. Exit hole on upper surface. 

Habitat. — Type material was collected on July 5, 1930, and June 27, 1933, at elevation of 2,000 feet on the trail to Signal Knob at north end of Three Top Mountain southeast of Strasburg, Va. Adults issued June 30-July 8. Galls were seen also 3 miles northwest of Vienna, Va. Prof. C. E. Crosby collected old galls at Kiverhead, N. Y., in September 1913.

Callirhytis electrea, new species

Host.--Quercus montana

Gall. — A group of a few hard, stony, cells inside full-grown acorns in the fall, lying close to the wall in depressions in normal cotyledons, usually at or above the center of the acorn. 

Habitat — The type is from a series bred from acorns collected in October 1934 on the Blue Ridge, 5 miles north of Bluemont, Va., adults emerging on May 8, 1937. Two paratypes are from galls collected on Marshall Peak near Washington, Va. Others are from galls collected at East Falls Church. Va., in October 1930, the adults emerging on April 20, 30, 1934. From two of these lots of collected acorns the emergence of an undescribed black species in small numbers suggests that there are two species infesting the acorns of this oak,

Callirhytis florensis, new species

Host. — Quercus marilandica 

Gall (pl. 1, fig. 1). — Scattered about among the stamens in a shortened catkin ; conical, slightly curved, blunt at apex, 2.2 mm. long by 1.0 mm. in diameter, of same color as the anthers but with longitudinal purple streaks, the surface sparsely covered with tangled hairs. Exit hole 0.6 mm. in diameter near apex. 

Habitat. — The type material was collected at East Falls Church, Va., from a Q. marilandlca on May 10, 1931. Adults of both sexes emerged May 18 to 25, the largest number coming out on May 20. In the fall of 1932 nearly every acorn on this tree had a gall of Callirhytis balanaspis Weld, and the galls gathered on the ground in October produced adults that emerged on April 9, 1934. 

Callirhytis lupana, new species

Host.--Quercus emoryi

Gall (pl. 2, fig. 19). — A rather abrupt fusiform polythalamous enlargement on the underside of the midrib, stunting the development of the leaf. June. 

Habitat. — The type material was collected on June 28, 1935, at Wolf Creek Camp, 10 miles from Prescott, Ariz., by Mrs. N. W. Capron. Adults were then emerging. She later sent empty galls from Cherry, Young, and Nogales, Ariz. A similar gall occurs on Q. hypoleuca at Patagonia, Ariz.

Callirhytis perrugosa, new species

Host.--Quercus alba

Habitat. — The type is selected from a series of over 50 specimens collected at East Falls Church, Va., in seven different years at dates from April 13 to May 3. They were taken while ovipositing in the topmost buds of 3-6-foot saplings or strong sprouts from stumps of white oak, but attempts to determine the resulting gall have so far failed and so have attempts to find the gall from which these flies must have just emerged. Paratypes are from Washington, D. C, Great Falls, Md., Malaga, N. J., and Castle Rock and State College (May 7), Pa. 

Callirhytis sonorae, new species

Host. — Quercus emoryi. 

Gall (pl. 1, fig. 7). — A flattened brown mass of 3-10 cells inside the acorn beside the much-reduced cotyledons, the number of cells evident on the surface. Masses measure up to 10 mm. long. 

Habitat. — The type is selected from a series bred from acorns from Santa Ana, Sonora, Mexico, taken from baggage at quarantine at Nogales, Ariz., on September 28, 1935 (No. 10348). Adults issued on April 10, 1937, April 2, 1938, April 3, 10, 15, 1939, April 7, 17, 1940, April 7, 12, 1941, April 12, 15, 1942, and April 16, 1943. Paratypes are from Hermosillo, Magdalena, and other points in the state of Sonora. Earliest emergence was March 10. Galls from Cusion, Cuchuta, Esqueda, Guaymas, Fronteras, and Nogales (all in Sonora) have been found in "bellotas" in the personal baggage of Mexicans crossing the border. Over 60 lots have been intercepted, mostly at Nogales, Ariz., a few at Naco and Douglas, Ariz., and a few at El Paso find Ysleta, Tex,

Callirhytis uvellae, new species

Gall (pl. 1, fig. 4). — Two-chambered, fleshy, reddish, 2.0 mm. in diameter, from bud on side of twigs in spring, single or usually in small clusters. The larva occupies the basal cavity. After the adults emerge the walls of the upper shrivel. 

Host. — Quercus wislizenii. 

Habitat. — The type series was reared from galls collected at Lakeport and Ukiah, Calif., on May 10 and 12, 1922, when the galls contained pupae. Adults issued a few days later and were found dead in the box on May 26. Galls were seen at Upper Lake and at Santa Rosa, Calif. Similar galls were seen on Q. agrifolia at Santa Anita, Santa Barbara, Newhall, Fillmore, and Ojai, Calif.

New American Cynipids from galls