Callirhytis clavula

Andricus chinquapin (sexgen)

Callirhytis seminator (sexgen)

Cynips CLAVULA Bassett in litt. (Syn. C.q. tuber Bassett, non Fitch). (Q. alba). 

This insect, described by Mr. Bassett (Proc. etc. III. p. 685) as C. q. tuber Fitch, could not retain this name, as Mr. Bassett himself proves that it is not the insect described by Dr. Fitch, the latter being a guest-fly. I have therefore adopted the name C. clavula, suggested to me in a letter by Mr. Bassett himself. Although this insect has a pubescent thorax, like Cynips in the restricted sense of Hartig, I am not sure whether it is to be referred to this genus. According to this author's opinion (1. c.) this gall and that of C. q. arbos Fitch are produced by the same insect. Both C. q. tuber Fitch and C, q. arbos Fitch are guest-flies; compare below, the genus Ceroptres). 

[Ceroptres arbos Fitch](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23927#page/390/mode/1up)
Syn Cynips quercus arbos

[Ceroptres tuber Fitch](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/23927#page/390/mode/1up)
Syn Cynips quercus tuber

Mr. Bassett has shown (Proc. etc. Ill, p. 687) that both galls, de- scribed by Dr. Fitch under the above-mentioned names are produced by the same gall-fly, which was not known to Dr. Fitch, and that this gall-fly occurs only on soft, green shoots of the same year's growth, whereas the galls of the last year's growth, the only ones described by Dr. Fitch, always give guest-flies. These guest-flies, as I have had occasion to observe myself, belong to the genus Ceroptres. We can take it for certain, therefore, that Cynips q. arbos Fitch, the male of which is said to have 15-jointed antennae, is a Ceroptres. Whether C. q. tuber Fitch, belongs to the same genus, is somewhat doubtful, as it is said to have 14-(male) and 12-(female) jointed antennae. Whether this statement is based upon a mistake, or whether Ceroptres male sometimes has 14-jointed antennas (which would agree with Hartig's statement), or, finally, whether C. q tuber Fitch, belongs to some other inquilinous genus, I do not pretend to decide. The last hypothesis, however, seems to me the most improbable of all. 

Cynips fusiformis

8. This insect somewhat resembles C. petiolicola,and, as I possess only a single specimen of it, the difference indicated in the analytical table may not be a constant one ; I will try, therefore, to point out some others. (Compare also below, No. 56, about the possible relationship between this gall and that of Figites chinquapin Fitch). 

56. Spindle-shaped galls, inserted like pins on the leaves of Q. prinoides, described by Dr. Fitch (Rep. IT, No. 320). He bred from it an insect which he calls Figites chinquapin. The description of the gall answers that of C. fusiformis very well; that the insect obtained from it by Dr. Fitch is the real author of the gall is possible, but uncertain. Likewise it does not appear why Dr. Fitch calls this gall-fly a Figites. 

C seminator Harris

Harris. Insects etc. p. 548; Fitch. Rep. 11, No. 315; O. Sack.. Proc. etc. 1, 69, No. 21 ; Walsh. Proc. etc. II. p. 465 (at the top); (male female; Q. alba). 

I had expressed some doubts about the identity of the specimens obtained by me from these galls, with those described by Fitch, as he says that the thorax of the female is cinnamon-red. Mr. Walsh confirmed my doubts, venturing even the supposition that the gall-fly described by Fitch was a guest-gall-fly. I believe now to have found the solution of the difficulty. Having examined my specimens recently, after a lapse of several years, I find that the thorax of all the female specimens has become reddish, whereas that of the male specimens has remained black. It seems probable, therefore, that Dr. Fitch had rather old specimens before him when drawing his description. C. seminator belongs to the genus Andricus Hartig.

Contributions to the Natural History of the CYNIPIDAE of the United States and of their Galls. Article 4th.