2.11 Spurgia esulae Gagné (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)
Biology (Gagné 1990): This gall midge, native to Italy, forms galls in the terminal buds of E. Esula (Plate 12). Larvae feed gregariously in the gall, which is composed of expanded and overlapping leaves. They pupate in cocoons among the leaves of the gall.
- A. S. McClay, D. E. Cole, P. Harris, C. J. Richardson: (1995) Biological control of leafy spurge in Alberta: progress and prospects©