Cynips (dugèsi) vasta, new species
agamic form

GALL.—Similar to all galls of the C. bella and C. dugès i complexes. Mature galls peculiarly, deep rosy brown tan, practically unspotted; rather small, up to 21. mm., but averaging nearer 14. mm. in diameter. Figure 64.

HOSTS.–Scrub oaks, Quercus intricata and Q. Pringlei (the two species not well separated in our collections). Also on Q. sillae [vaseyana] ?

RANGE.--Tamaulipas: Tula, 22 N, 6100' (types, Q. intricata, Q. Pringlei). Tula, 26 N, 5300' (Q. sillae, galls only). Possibly restricted to a limited portion of the Eastern Sierra of Mexico, in the southern end of the state of Tamaulipas. Figure 18.

LIFE HISTORY..—Adults: February 2, 16. Most of the emergence on the later date.

This insect is closest to C. oriens, which we found 40 miles to the south in the Eastern Sierra near Cerritos, and to C. oriumda, which we found west of Ciudad Victoria in Tamaulipas, hardly 35 miles from the type locality of vasta. Vasta differs from oriens and oriunda in having more bright rufous over the whole body, the antennae and legs being similarly bright rufous. Vasta also differs from oriens in having lighter wing veins and less abundant cubital cell markings. C. occidua, in the Western Sierra of Zacatecas, is also a relative from which vasta is best distin guished by its black thoracic lines and small areolet.

Our limited collections in the Eastern Sierra of Mexico give us no basis for judging the extension of the ranges of these several species, but the taking of C. oriens and C. oriunda so near the type localities of vasta shows that vasta cannot extend very far either northeast or southwest. It is possible that the largely barren mountains and valleys in this portion of Mexico isolate some species with ranges not larger than a single slope of a single mountain ridge.

No species of the C. bella complex is yet known to occur in the range of vasta, but since the bella complex is known not far away, gall determinations for this species should be verified by insect material.

Cynips (dugèsi) vulgata, new species
agamic form

Dryophanta dugès i err. det. Beutenmüller, 1911, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 30:345 (in large part). Err. det. Kinsey, 1920, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 42: pl. 32 fig. 25.
Cynips dugès i dugès i err. det. Kinsey, 1930, Ind. Univ. Studies 84-86:281 282, figs. 44, 268, 277 (in large part).

GALL.-Similar to all galls of the C. bella and C. dugès i complexes. Mature galls rosy tan, unspotted; dull to weakly shining; of moderate size, up to 20. mm., averaging near 14. mm. in diameter. Figure 66.

HOSTS.—Quercus potosina, Q. jaralensis [potosina], Q. chihuahuensis, Q. undata, Q. sacame [arizonica], Q. reticulata [rugosa]. Possibly on all oaks of the area except the alpine dwarf oaks, Q. microphylla, etc.

RANGE.-Aguascalientes: Pabellón, 20 W, 7000' (Q. sacame, Q. un data, Q. chihuahuensis). Pabellón, 23 W, 8500' (Q. potosima). Jalisco: Aguascalientes, 35 E, 7000' (Q. potosima). San Luis Potosí: San Luis Potosí, 15 W, 8000' (Q. potosina, types. Also Q. potosina, Ed. Palmer, 1878, in Kinsey coll.; and Q. unda'a, Kinsey coll.). Guanajuato: Mountains of Guanajuato (Dugès in U.S. Nat. Mus.). San Felipe, 8 NE, 7000' (Q. undata, galls only). San Felipe, 20 SW, 8000' (Q. chihuahuensis. Also Q. macrophylla 2 galls only). León, 20 NE, 9000' (Q. faralensis, Q. reticulata). Querétaro: Querétaro, 28 N, 7300' (Q. chihuahuensis; galls, Q. jara lensis). Wide-spread, from Aguascalientes to Guanajuato and Querétaro, known from all the oaks of the area except dwarfs of the Q. microphylla complex. Figure 18.

LIFE HISTORY..—Adults: December 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 19, 26. February 10, 15, 20, 24, 25, 28. March 1, 2, 3. Most of the emergence in February.

Vulgata produces the common oak apple in the Western Sierra of Central Mexico, from Aguascalientes and the western mountains of San Luis Potosí to Guanajuato and Querétaro. Although we have bred material from 7 of the oaks of that area, we find vulgata on all of them except the little alpine dwarf, Q. microphylla. It is C. dugèsi on that oak, an insect which is close to vulgata.

No species of the C. bella complex is known to occur near the range of C. vulgata, so galls from this area need not be confused with material of the other complex.

- Alfred Kinsey: (1936) Origin of higher categories in Cynips^©