Cynips (bulboides) bulboides, new species
agamic form

GALL.-Bulboid, as described for the complex. Mature galls peculiarly dark rosy brown, not noticeably puberulent, usually unspotted; younger galls more often spotted, with some of the mature galls obscurely spotted, but only a very few of them conspicuously spotted with purple; up to 23. mm., averaging nearer 15. mm. in diameter. Figures 9, 77.

HOSTS.—Quercus undata, Q. chihuahuensis, Q. sacame, Q. oblongifolia, Q. reticulata, Q. durangensis, Q. depressipes, Q. striatula. Apparently on all of the white oaks of the area.

RANGE.-Chihuahua: Parral, 20 S (Q. undata; also galls on Q. sacame). Durango: Villa Campos, 21 S, 6700' (Q. undata). Indé, 20 E, 6300' (Q. chihuahuensis). Patos, 15 W, 8000' (Q. chihuahuensis, Q. sacame, Q. oblongifolia. Also galls on Q. reticulata, Q. striatula). Canatlan, 7 N, 7400' (Q. undata). Durango, 2 N, 6500' (Q. undata). Otinapa, 8500' (Q. sacame, Q. durangensis, Q. depressipes, Q. reticulata). Zacatecas: Cantuna, 6 N, 7600' (Q. undata). Apparently restricted to the Sierra of Durango and immediately ad jacent portions of Chihuahua and Zacatecas. Figure 75

LIFE HISTORY..—Adults: November 20, December 5, January 20, 29. February 4, 5, 10, 12, 15, 22, 26, 29. March 2, 3, 6, 16. April 10. The bulk of the emergence in the first half of February.

In the bulboides complex this is the only species represented by large series in our collections. The species occupies the center of the range of the complex. It probably does not represent the oldest species in the group, although it is the only one which (in insect characters) is precisely identical with one of the species (spiculi) of the dugèsi complex. Between spiculi and bulboides lie 3 other species (1 of the dugès i and 2 of the bulboides complex), and the identity of bulboides and spiculi must be taken to be coincidence, dependent upon the close relations of the two species. The bulboid gall of bulboides is quite different from the spherical galls of the dugèsi and bella complexes.

In northern Durango (at Villa Campos, Indé, and possibly elsewhere) heavily mottled, spherical galls, indistinguishable from those of C. (bella) aspera, give a long-spined insect which is in every respect identical with C. bulboides. This insect, here listed as C. (bulboides) aequalis, may be a Mendelian form of the present species, bulboides, or it may represent a distinct species which is the connecting link between the bella and bulboides complexes.

- Alfred Kinsey: (1936) Origin of higher categories in Cynips^©