Ratibida (coneflower)
...Asphondylia ratibidae Felt
Galls are monothalamous. This species has at least two generations per year. In summer the galls are in the flower heads...From August to October, galls are formed in enlarged stem ends or leaf bases...Host: R. columnifera...
”- Raymond J. Gagne: (1989) The plant-feeding gall midges of North America©