Amphibolips bromus

Amphibolips fusus

Amphibolips cibriani (agamic)

Andricus rochai (agamic)

Disholcaspis crystalae (agamic)

Femuros lusum (agamic)

Femuros repandae (agamic)

Amphibolips hidalgoensis (agamic)

Andricus breviramuli (agamic)

Andricus fusiformis (agamic)

Andricus guanajuatensis (agamic)

Andricus santafe (agamic)

Andricus sphaericus (sexgen)

Dros perlentum (agamic)

Kinseyella quercusobtusata (agamic)

Kokkocynips doctorrosae (agamic)

Loxaulus hyalinus (sexgen)

Loxaulus laeta (agamic)

Neuroterus acrotrichias (agamic)

Neuroterus ellongatum (agamic)

Neuroterus eugeros (agamic)

Neuroterus fusifex (sexgen)

Neuroterus verrucum (agamic)

Striatoandricus georgei (agamic)

Striatoandricus nievesaldreyi (agamic)

Zapatella polytryposa (agamic)

Amphibolips bromus Pujade-Villar y Cuesta-Porta, 2020

[A photo of the gall appears on page 14 of the pdf]

[Gall: Monothalamous resulting from the deformation of a bud. Very thin and elongate, some 50 mm in length, reminiscent of the seeds of Bromus. The peduncle widens near the middle of the gall (4 mm in diameter), ending in a sharp point that tapers gradually from the midsection. The gall is thin-walled, with a smooth and hairless surface; a thin, spongy layer internally surrounds the central ovate larval chamber.]

Hosts: Quercus affinis, crassipes

[Biology: Only known from females. The mature gall was collected in May. The adults emerged at the end of the same month.]

[Range: Reported from the states of Mexico City, Hidalgo

Amphibolips fusus Kinsey, 1937

[A photo of the gall appears on page 14 of the pdf]

[Gall: Monothalamous resulting from the deformation of a bud. Fusiform (9-13 mm in diameter), with a peduncle and a sharp point at the apex (resulting in a total length of 25-35 mm). Exterior wall thick and tough, light brown in color at maturity, with a smooth and glabrous surface (see comments). The internal tissue is relatively soft and spongy, composed of very dense radiating fibers, only visible at the base and the apex, dense and compact (but spongy) in the wide part of the gall where the larval chamber is found surrounded by a thin layer of spongy tissue. Central ovate larval chamber with relatively hard walls, and with its greatest length between 5-6 mm.]

Hosts: Quercus eduardi, crassipes, laurina

[Biology: Species known only from females. The mature galls were collected at the beginning of June. The two adults used for the description of the species were extracted dead from the gall in November; the only adult from Santa Fe emerged in July of 2014.]

[Range: Mexico City, Zacatecas]

[Comments: The maximum dimensions of the diameter of the gall are greater in the original description. After studying galls of A fusus collected by Kinsey and the type material, we deduce that this fact is erroneous. On the other hand, Kinsey mentions that on the surface of the gall there are small black protuberances that probably correspond to fungal pycnidia, abundant on the surfaces of old galls.]

Amphibolips cibriani Pujade-Villar, 2018

[A photo of the gall appears on page 14 of the pdf]

[Gall (Figs. 2b-c). Unilocular resulting from the deformation of a bud. Spherical (2-4 cm in diameter), often ending in a point and weakly stalked. The surface is rough highlighting a large number of protuberances. At first light green, light brown at maturity. Hard consistency. In a Cross section shows the lignified central larval chamber (3 mm in diameter + 1 mm thick the wall of the inner gill) surrounded by dense spongy tissue. 

Hosts. Quercus crassipes (section Lobatae). 

Biology. Species known only from the agamic generation . The adults of this generation emerge in the middle of May. 

Distribution. Only known from Santa Fe (City of Mexico).

Andricus rochai Pujade-Villar, 2018

Gall (Figs. 4a-d). Gregarious galls (forming groups of more than 10 galls) and deciduous, located in the vein main leaf or buds, which thicken, showing depressed insertion points and circular. Each gall is globular (8-12 mm) and stalked (3-10 mm). First green, then reddish, and finally chestnuts. Centrally located larval chamber (2mm in diameter), separated from the outside by spongy tissue brown when ripe. 

Hosts. Quercus laeta (section Quercus). 

Biology. Species known only from asexual generation. The galls appear at the end of March; early June, they are easily dropped on contact or vibration by the wind. Almost all of the gills remain in the soil, subject to weathering conditions; nevertheless, the larvae remain alive for several months. The adults emerge in January of the following year.

Distribution: Known only from Santa Fe (Mexico City)

Disholcaspis crystalae Pujade-Villar, 2018

Gall (Figs. 4h-j). Globular, spherical (8 to 14 mm in diameter) and lignified, located in the young branches at from the deformation of the bud. Solitary or gregarious (forming groups of two to five galls). green when the gall is young and during its growth, becoming brown when ripe. surface provided with a large number of short protuberances resembling the fruit of Arbutus unedo Linnaeus, 1753, or the gall of the form asexual of Cynips quercusfolii Linnaeus, 1758; rarely the bumps are few or almost non-existent. External wall is not hard (2 mm), the texture is like cork, easy to cut. Internally with a large air chamber in the one that houses the yellow, oval and fragile larval chamber, loosely attached at bottom; separates easily, remaining free in the internal chamber. 

Hosts. Quercus laeta (section Quercus). 

Biology. Only the asexual form is known. The galls develop in May-June. The adults emerge from December to January. 

Distribution. Only known from Santa Fe (City of Mexico).

Femuros lusum Kinsey, 1937

Gall (Figs. 5f-g). These develop on thin branches from growth buds. They are unilocular, of compact and woody consistency when mature, in the shape of a cylindrical cup, 8–18 mm in length and 7–15 mm in diameter, composed of two subunits; contracted in the upper and lower third. The upper end is depressed with a continuous edge. The immature gall is greenish with a purplish edge, upon maturing it acquires a brown color; the surface is covered by a fine brownish pubescence that remains on the mature gall. The internal larval chamber is located in the contracted part of the gall; it is globular, with a hard wall connected to the gall tissue. The emergence hole is located within the upper depression.

Hosts. Quercus rugosa and Q. laeta (Quercus section).

Biology. Only the asexual form is known. The galls develop in May-June and by November they are mature; adults emerge from early March to early April of the following year.

Distribution. Cited for the state of Michoacán. This represents the first record for Mexico City (Santa Fe) and the first record on Q. laeta.

Femuros repandae Kinsey, 1937
Femuros lusum Kinsey (1937a: 66)

Gall (Figs. 5d-e). Galls are spherical (10-20 mm in diameter), distorted mainly by the bracts, deformed leaves, and deformed (widened) petioles that are closely fused on the surface. They are located at the terminal part of the main or lateral twigs, solitary, rarely forming groups of two or three galls. They are unilocular, sessile, and hard. They usually have normal scales at the base. The surface is similar to the bark of the branch when mature; initially, they are greenish or have reddish tones. The larval chamber is central, separable, with a hard and thick wall (up to 7 mm in diameter); between the larval chamber and the external wall there is a spongy tissue, looser near the larval chamber.

Hosts. Quercus repanda Bonpland, 1809, and Q. laeta (Quercus section).

Biology. Only the asexual form is known. The galls develop from June and by December-January they already have a reddish color; adults emerge in April.

Distribution. Cited from the states of Hidalgo and Mexico City. This is the first record for Santa Fe (Mexico City) and the first record on Q. laeta.

Amphibolips hidalgoensis Pujade-Villar & Melika, 2011
Amphibolips hidalgoensis Pujade-Villar & Melika, In Melika et al. (2011: 53)

Gall (Figs. 2e-f). Unilocular resulting from the deformation of a bud. Generally large (30-65 mm in diameter), subglobose, sometimes with a fine, short tip at the apex. The outer wall is thin and fragile, pink when young and light brown when mature, with a smooth and glabrous surface. The internal tissue is relatively soft and spongy, formed by dense and compact radiating fibers. The central ovate larval chamber has hard walls, with a larger diameter between 5.0–6.5 mm.

Hosts. Quercus calophylla, Q. crassifolia, Q. crassipes, and Q. mexicana (Lobatae section).

Biology. Species known only for the asexual generation. Mature galls are collected from late May to early June, and adults emerge shortly after collection.

Distribution. Cited from the states of Hidalgo and Tlaxcala (according to the original description) and from Mexico City (including Sta. Fe on Q. crassipes and Q. calophylla), Cuesta-Porta et al. (2020b).

Andricus breviramuli Pujade-Villar, 2014
Andricus breviramuli Pujade-Villar, In Pujade-Villar et al.
(2014a: 98)

Gall (Figs. 3a-b). Plurilocular, located on the terminal branches. Immature galls are green, with a smooth and slightly shiny surface; mature galls are mace-shaped, green to brown, with a wrinkled surface, 6 to 10 cm long. The basal part is narrow (7.6 mm in diameter) while the distal part is wider (9.2 mm in diameter); the final third of the twig sometimes swells up to 14 mm in diameter. The internal tissues of the mature gall are hard and woody. The larval chambers are oval (1 mm long x 2 mm wide), between 4 to 20 chambers aligned along the main axis of the twig.

Hosts. Quercus laeta (Quercus section).

Biology. Species known only for the asexual generation. Adults emerge between late March and early April, when new shoots begin to grow.

Distribution. Only known from Santa Fe (Mexico City).

Comments. Andricus breviramuli was considered from the moment of its description as a harmful species on Q. laeta in the southwest of Mexico City. The gall wasps can kill and distort the branches of individual stressed trees. After the emergence of the adult wasp, the tissues where the larval chambers are located die, but the basal part remains alive so the branch will produce new shoots. However, multiple repeated attacks by the wasp can kill branches and distort and reduce the growth of an entire tree. Currently, the attack in Santa Fe is less virulent than 6 years ago; there are still attacks, but the populations are less numerous so the impact of their presence is not as noticeable as years ago.

Andricus fusciformis Pujade-Villar, 2014
Andricus fusciformis Pujade-Villar, In Pujade-Villar et al.
(2014d: 94)

Gall (Figs. 3c-e). Plurilocular, they develop on the branches. It is more or less spindle-shaped (35-45 mm long and 12-18 mm in diameter), woody, often composed of different more or less fused subunits. Gray coloring with green tones, tones that disappear when the gall is old. The surface has some longitudinal grooves at maturity. When it cracks, we can observe inside the crack the internal galls, isolated (not fused) located in the internal tissues. Each unit is globular (2.6 mm in diameter), of dirty yellow color, with a hard woody wall (0.3 mm), which is connected to the gall tissue by a basal peduncle; on the top, there is a small navel. Inside each unit is the larval chamber.

Hosts. Quercus obtusata Humboldt and Bonpland, 1809 and Q. rugosa (Quercus section).

Biology. Species known only for the asexual generation. The galls develop in the dry season, and adults emerge in July, before the gall hardens and takes on a woody brown color.

Distribution. Species cited only for the State of Mexico (according to original description). This represents the first record for Mexico City (Santa Fe) and the first record on Q. rugosa.

Andricus guanajuatensis Pujade-Villar, 2013
Andricus guanajuatensis Pujade-Villar, In Pujade-Villar et
al. (2013b: 188)

Gall (Figs. 3f-h). Plurilocular, they develop on the branches, chestnut-red in color, large (2.0–6.0 x 1.0–5.0 cm) and regular. They are composed of smaller, hard, completely fused globular masses that surround the branches. The surface is light green when they are young and light gray at maturity, delicately rough and wrinkled; the network-shaped anastomosis have a color similar to that of the depressed areas and are often slightly cracked (this structure is visible under stereomicroscope magnification). The larval chambers (3.0 x 4.5 mm) are widely separated, not very numerous. The chamber walls are thick, yellowish, and very hard (2-3 mm thick). The galls remain on the branches for several years and become darker over time.

Hosts. Quercus obtusata and Q. rugosa (Quercus section); also mentioned on Quercus castanea Née, 1801 (Lobatae section) in the original description, but this data needs to be verified.

Biology. Species known only for the asexual generation. The adults emerge between September and May; in Santa Fe, emergences occurred in May.

Distribution. Cited in the states of Guanajuato and Queretaro (Pujade-Villar et al. 2013a); first record for Mexico City (Santa Fe) and first record on Q. rugosa.

Andricus santafe Pujade-Villar, 2013
Andricus santafe Pujade-Villar, In Pujade-Villar et al.
(2013b: 192)

Gall (Figs. 4i-k). Large (2.0–7.0 x 1.0–5.0 cm) and hard, plurilocular galls develop on the branches. When young, the galls are olive green in color, transitioning to a light to dark brown color upon maturity. They consist of irregular and woody enlargements that partially surround small twigs and are composed of smaller, distinct and fully fused globular masses. The surface is delicately smooth. The larval chambers (3.0 x 4.5 mm) are irregularly dispersed throughout the gall tissue, with few chambers per gall (2-25, depending on the size of the gall). The walls of the larval chambers are yellowish and thin (though hard). The galls remain on the oak branches for one to two years and darken over time.
Hosts. Quercus laeta (Quercus section).

Biology. Species known only for the asexual generation. Gall development begins in June, maturing in February or March of the following year, during which time the adults emerge.

Distribution. Known only from Santa Fe (Mexico City).

Andricus sphaericus Pujade-Villar, 2016
Andricus sphaericus Pujade-Villar, In Pujade-Villar et al.
(2016d: 16)

Gall (Figs. 4e-g). The formation of this gall results from swelling of the central and/or secondary leaf veins. Occasionally, the leaf almost entirely disappears. The gall is globular (0.7-1.6 mm in diameter), plurilocular, and hard, with a central navel on top that may disappear when the gall is large. It is light green when young and dark green to black when mature. The surface has light brown, star-shaped trichomes. The gall contains 5-15 larval chambers, measuring 3x1 mm, distributed radially and separated by hard, woody tissue.

Hosts. Quercus deserticola Trelease, 1924, Quercus glabrescens Bentham, 1840, Q. laeta, Q. obtusata and Q. rugosa (Quercus section).

Biology. Only the sexual form is known. Adults emerge from late May to mid-July.

Distribution. Reported for Mexico City (including Santa Fe on Q. rugosa), as well as for the State of Mexico, Nuevo León, and Puebla (Pujade-Villar et al. 2016a; Lobato-Vila and Pujade-Villar 2019).

Dros perlentum Kinsey, 1937
Dros perlentum Kinsey (1937a: 51)
Dros petasum Kinsey (1937a: 52)

Gall (Figs. 5a-c): It takes the shape of a cup located on the underside of leaves. The basal stem is uniformly cylindrical (about 3mm in length); the anchoring area or basal part is slightly wider; the cup-shaped body (10 mm in diameter x 8 mm in height) expands abruptly from the stem; the upper edges of the gall are thick, which makes it retain the circular edge. The color of the gall is yellowish-brown or reddish.

Hosts: Quercus laeta, Quercus magnoliifolia Née, 1801, Q. obtusata, and Quercus opaca Trelease, 1924 (section Quercus).

Biology: Only the asexual form is known. The galls develop in May-June; adults emerge in June and July.

Distribution: Cited from the states of Mexico City (including Sta. Fe on Q. laeta), Jalisco, and Mexico (Kinsey 1937a; Lobato-Vila et al. 2019; García-Martiñón et al. 2018).

Kinseyella quercusobtusata Pujade-Villar y Melika, 2010
Kinseyella quercusobtusata Pujade-Villar y Melila, In Pujade-Villar et al. (2010: 19)

Gall (Figs. 5h-j): Located on the leaf, almost always on the lower part, generally attached to the central vein, more rarely on the side veins or the leaf petiole. Generally, one gall per leaf, sometimes two-three. Unilocular, approximately spherical (20–40 mm in diameter), yellowish and tinted with pink and red when mature. The surface presents a dense pubescence of rust-brown color. The gall is solid when young and very fragile at maturity, with a very thin external wall. Internal larval chamber, with a hard wall 2–3 mm thick, supported by numerous radiant brown fibers; inside is the properly said yellowish larval chamber.

Hosts: Quercus laeta, Q. obtusata, and Quercus resinosa Liebmann, 1854 (section Quercus).

Biology: Only the asexual generation is known. The gall begins to develop in summer and matures in autumn; adults emerge from September to late October.

Distribution: Cited for the states of Hidalgo, Mexico, Mexico City, and Zacatecas. Previously cited for Santa Fe (Mexico City) in Q. laeta in Pujade-Villar et al. (2012a).

Comment: In Pujade-Villar et al. (2012a) Q. mexicana (section Lobatae) is also mentioned as a host. After reviewing the sample, it was confirmed to be Q. obtusata. Therefore, this species is ruled out to produce galls in the Lobatae section.

Kokkocynips doctorrosae Pujade-Villar, 2013
Kokkocynips doctorrosae Pujade-Villar y Melika, In Pujade-Villar et al. (2013a: 212)

Gall (Fig. 6a): Located on the branches, unilocular, almost spherical (8–10 mm in diameter), slightly flattened basally, with a smooth surface, without pubescence, yellowish with concentric circular lines of brown-red color, apically reddish-pink. The gall remains soft when it matures, but it is not fragile. Ovate larval chamber (1.4 × 1.8 mm), with thin walls (0.16 mm), surrounded by a spongy tissue, located in the center of the vesicle. The exit hole is usually found laterally. There is always a longitudinal crack in the bark where the gall was inserted.

Hosts: Quercus acutifolia Née, 1801, and Q. crassipes (section Lobatae).

Biology: Only the asexual generation is known. The galls develop in the rainy season, mature in November, and the adults begin to emerge in December.

Distribution: Mexico (Michoacán); first record for Santa Fe (Mexico City) and first record on Q. crassipes.

Loxaulus hyalinus Pujade-Villar y Melika, In Pujade-Villar et al. (2014c: 344)

Gall (Fig. 6b): An elongated swelling of the stem, approximately 2.0 times the normal diameter of the bud (8 x 40 mm). The galls are at the tip of the previous year's shoots. The surface of the gall is rough, colored like the bark. The larval chambers (1.5 x 1 mm) are dispersed in the inner tissue of the twig, oriented along the longitudinal axis.

Hosts: Quercus laeta (section Quercus). In the original description, Q. dysophylla (section Lobatae) is mentioned as a host, but this citation needs to be confirmed.

Biology: Only the sexual generation is known (see comments). The galls begin to be recognized in September, when the swelling of the twigs is barely noticeable; by December they are more developed. Adult emergence begins in late April, first males and then females a few days later; adult emergence continues until mid-May.

Distribution: Mexico (Hidalgo); first record for Santa Fe (Mexico City).

Comment: In the original description, it was assumed, since only females were obtained, that this was an asexual generation. Now, after the emergence of males, we know that the collections that led to the description of the new species correspond to late females. Loxaulus hyalinus is therefore the sexual generation of a species of which the asexual form is unknown. The male will be described shortly.

Loxaulus laeta Pujade-Villar, In Pujade-Villar et al. (2014c: 349)

Gall (Fig. 6c): Elongated cryptic swellings of the twigs located at the tips of the previous year's branches. The branches with galls are barely recognizable before the appearance of the adults. The surface of the vesicle is rough, colored like the bark. The larval chambers (1.5 x 1 mm) are dispersed inside the woody tissue.

Hosts: Quercus laeta (section Quercus).

Biology: Only the asexual generation is known. The galls were collected in February. Adults emerge in the same month. Possibly in January, there are also emergences of this species.

Distribution: Mexico (Mexico City); cited from Santa Fe in Pujade-Villar et al. (2014c).

Neuroterus acrotrichias Pujade-Villar, In Pujade-Villar et al. (2017a: 68)

Gall (Figs. 6d-e): Located on the underside of the leaves in a high number, between the secondary or tertiary veins, rarely on top of them. They are strongly attached to the leaf surface without causing a depression of the leaf at the point of insertion. They are not deciduous. They are globular with a flat base, chestnut-colored on the side and light in the apical area, provided with a whitish apical pubescent tuft. The surface is shiny and leathery, sometimes with some weak longitudinal ridges. The diameter is 1.5-1.6 mm and the height is 1.2-1.3 mm. The larval chamber is located at the bottom of the gall parallel to the leaf (1.2 x 0.5 mm); above it, there is a hard tissue that protects the larval chamber from above.

Hosts: Quercus rugosa (section Quercus).

Biology: Species known only for the asexual generation. The galls begin their formation at the end of winter. Adults emerge at the end of June.

Distribution: Mexico (Mexico City, Mexico, and Tlaxcala); cited from Santa Fe in Pujade-Villar et al. (2017a).

Neuroterus ellongatum Pujade-Villar and Melika, In Pujade-Villar et al. (2014b: 4)

Gall (Fig. 6f): Cryptic galls located on the branches. Completely invisible until the exit holes of the adults are observed. The larval chambers are arranged longitudinally inside the woody tissue of the affected branches. The larval chambers measure 2x1 mm.

Hosts: Quercus laeta and Q. glabrescens (section Quercus).

Biology: Only the asexual generation is known. Adults emerge in late winter and early spring when new shoots begin to grow. They emerge from two-year-old twigs.

Distribution: Mexico (Mexico City, Mexico); cited from Santa Fe on Q. laeta in Pujade-Villar et al. (2014b).

Neuroterus eugerus Pujade-Villar, In Pujade-Villar et al. (2018c: 454)

Gall (Fig. 6g): Multi-chambered (likely due to fused single-chambered), located on the underside of the leaves between the secondary veins, inseparable from the leaf tissue. They are almost always found touching the edge of the leaf; their presence prompts the appearance of a very abundant trichose fuzziness. The lower side is visibly swollen, reaching up to 1.5 cm thick, the upper side is not. The leaf dries and wrinkles in the place where the gall is present, so when they are very abundant the oak seems sickly. Adults emerge from the upper side.

Hosts: Quercus laeta (section Quercus).

Biology: The species is known only from the asexual generation. Adults emerge in June. This oak is not deciduous, the replacement of the previous year's leaves is done gradually, from February to May, so the new galls begin their formation at the end of winter; by the end of June the galls already have exit holes for new adults.

Distribution: Known only from Santa Fe (Mexico City).

Neuroterus fusifex Pujade-Villar, In Pujade-Villar et al. (2016b: 77)

Gall (Figs. 6h-i): Multilocular gall, located in catkins, ovoid (7-12 mm long and 5-7 mm wide) or at the petiole and base of the leaves (new location). In catkins, it causes hypertrophy of the axis; the anthers of some flowers protrude. When young, it is green and turgid, hardening and turning purple-red upon maturing. The surface is provided with a thin, dense whitish pubescence. Inside are numerous rounded larval chambers (0.5 mm in diameter) arranged together, bound with a hard consistency. The medullary space between the larval chambers hardly exists.

Hosts: Quercus laeta and Q. rugosa (section Quercus).

Biology: Species is known only from the sexual generation. Galls appear in April when catkins and leaves begin to develop. Adults emerge at the end of April or beginning of May. Most of the galls fall to the ground shortly after, although some can remain on the tree for a few more months.

Distribution: Mexico (State of Mexico); first record for Santa Fe (Mexico City) on Q. laeta.

Neuroterus verrucum Pujade-Villar, In Pujade-Villar et al. (2014b: 6)

Gall (Figs. 6j-l): Cryptic galls located on the surface of the bark of the previous year's shoots. They are very discreet, hard to recognize without the emerging holes of adults. They are solitary or in groups of up to 5 larval chambers (1.1 x 0.5 mm). Externally, they are seen as small surface warts on the bark; the yellowish larval chamber is surrounded by a thin brown woody tissue.

Hosts: Quercus laeta (section Quercus).

Biology: Species is known only from the asexual generation. Adults emerge at the end of winter and beginning of spring when new shoots start to grow.

Distribution: Only known from Santa Fe (Mexico City).

Striatoandricus georgei Pujade-Villar, In Pujade-Villar et al. (2011: 28), In Cuesta-Porta et al. (2020a: 12)

Gall (Figs. 7a-b): Found adhered to the central vein on the underside of the leaves (rarely on the upper side). It appears as a mass of lemon yellow wool (sometimes dirty yellow, never brown), with brittle but not fragile pubescence, 1.0-1.6 cm in diameter, circular in appearance (rarely oval). The pubescence is located above the central core, forming a layer 3-4 mm thick. The central core is spherical, yellowish, dense and hard, and multilocular; the larval chambers are slightly ovoid (1x1.1 mm).

Hosts: Quercus deserticola, Q. glabrescens × obtusata, Quercus glaucoides M. Martens and Galeotti, 1843, Q. laeta, Q. magnoliifolia, Q. resinosa, and Q. rugosa (section Quercus).

Biology: The whitish galls form from September and mature in December. Adults emerge from December to April.

Distribution: Mexico (Mexico City, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Morelos, Puebla, and Zacatecas); cited from Santa Fe in Cuesta-Porta et al. (2020) on Q. rugosa and Q. laeta.

Striatoandricus nievesaldreyi Pujade-Villar, In Pujade-Villar et al. (2011: 32), In Cuesta-Porta et al. (2020a: 13)

Gall (Figs. 7c-d): Found adhered to the central vein on the upper side of the leaves (rarely on the underside). Very similar to the previous one but larger in size, generally oval in outline, with a reddish-brown pubescence, longer and denser.

Hosts: Quercus laeta, Q. magnoliifolia, and Q. rugosa (section Quercus).

Biology: The whitish galls form from September and mature in December. Adults emerge from December to April.

Distribution: Mexico (Mexico City, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Michoacán, Morelos, and Tlaxcala); cited from Santa Fe in Cuesta-Porta et al. (2020) on Q. laeta.

Zapatella polytryposa Pujade-Villar y Fermández-Garzón, In Pujade-Villar et al. (2020: 12)

Gall (Figs. 7e-f): The long galls are on branches over a year old. They are inconspicuous until the emergence of the adults, at which point the emergence holes can be observed. The larval chambers are oval (2 x 3 mm), deeply embedded in the xylem, contiguous, and numerous; hundreds of elongated larval cells that can occupy more than 60 cm of the branch's length. 

Hosts: Quercus crassipes (section Lobatae).

Biology: It is unknown when the galls begin to form, but larvae are found from September to April. Adults emerge from late April to early May.

Distribution: Only known from Santa Fe (Mexico City).

Comments: The recently described species, Z. polytryposa, was considered damaging to Q. crassipes in southwestern Mexico City from the time of its description. Shortly after the emergence of the adults, the branch degrades and the larval chambers can be observed (Fig. 7f). The attacked branches dry up and die. On the same host, a sexual form from acorns was obtained in the same study area that is yet to be described; both forms are probably related.

Avispas agalladoras de los encinos de Santa Fe (Ciudad de México, México) (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae: Cynipini; Fagaceae)