Disholcaspis quercusvirens (agamic)

Belonocnema fossoria (agamic)

Dryocosmus quercuslaurifoliae (sexgen)

Callirhytis confusa (sexgen)

Amphibolips quercusrugosa (sexgen)

Callirhytis quercusclavigera (agamic)

Amphibolips quercuscinerea

Amphibolips quercuscitriformis

Amphibolips quercusracemaria (sexgen)

Andricus quercusfoliatus (agamic)

Callirhytis quercusbatatoides (agamic)

Dryocosmus quercuscatesbaei (sexgen)

Callirhytis aquaticae (sexgen)

Cynips q. succinipes n. sp.

The Bud-like Gall of the Live Oak

This gall seems to have been entirely overlooked by all observers; it is difficult to see why, for although not nearly so plentiful as the previously described species [Callirhytis quercusbatatoides], it is yet by no means rare and quite noticeable upon the ends of the twigs.

Gall.--Clusters of from five to twenty small galls crowded around a terminal twig or branch; globular or bud-like in form; externally yellowish-brown with a surface like buckskin, becoming black with age; internally hard and tough with a single kernel hard and smooth. Diameter from .10 to 0.2 inch.

Cynips q. virens n. sp.

Quercus virens [Quercus virginiana]

Galls.--Small, globular, the size of a pea or slightly larger; from two to ten, attached to the underside of the leaf; pale brownish in color, filled inside with a dense, yellowish-brown, spongy, cellular mass. A single kernel in the centre. Diameter 0.15 to 0.25 inch. 

Issued from the gall early in February.

[Weld cites this as the original description of his Disholcaspis virens, but it does not match his description (a stem gall) and seems to instead describe what was later renamed Belonocnema quercusvirens, which is now a species inquirenda likely referring to Belonocnema fossoria.]

Spathegaster q. laurifoliae n. sp.

The Cherry Stone Leaf Gall
This popularly designates a unique gall that appears early in February and March, on the tender new leaves--frequently three on a leaf. 

Galls.--Green, globular, hollow galls, growing through the leafy expansion of the newly formed leaf, projecting about equally from the upper and on the under surface of the leaf, the size of a cherry stone and when removed not unlike it in shape, containing a yellowish, slightly elongated kernel, which rolls freely about. Length .20 to .25 inch, .15 or more through.


Cynips quercus confusa n. sp.

Quercus laurifolia

Another curious gall, constructed on the same principle as above [Dryocosmus quercuslaurifoliae] but smaller and not projecting through the leaf, was detected the middle of April.

Galls.--Small, globular, slightly elongate, greenish-yellow, succulent galls, attached to the principal vein on the under surface of the leaf, hollow inside with a pupa-like kernel; fly escaping by perforating a hole through the upper surface of the leaf. Diameter transversely .06; vertically .10 inch.


Cynips quercus rugosa n. sp.

Quercus laurifolia

Another gall found on the under surface of the leaves

Galls.--Semispherical, greenish yellow, smooth, hard galls, attached to the under surface of the leaf, slightly contracting the leaf on the upper surface, but not projecting, either flat or slightly concave; internally consisting of a hard fibrous substance in the centre of which the larva is transversely placed; fly escaping by perforating a hole through the upper surface of the leaf. Diameter transversely .2 inch; through or vertically .08 to .10.

Cynips quercus clavigera n. sp.

Galls.--Abrupt, irregular, woody, tuber-like swellings, varying greatly in size, from a half to an inch and a quarter long by almost the same in width, attached to the terminal twigs and branches; externally (at the beginning of the season), it is smooth and resembles very much the gall of Cynips q batatoides, but later in the season it becomes rough with deep fissures, through which issue spiny, succulent tubes, which secrete a sticky honey-like substance; internally, at first it is white and soft but becomes brown and hard with age; the tubes are thickened at base in the centre of which the larva resides.

Cynips quercus cinerea n. sp.

The Upland Willow Oak Apple Gall

Host--Quercus cinerea [incana]

Galls.--Large, perfectly spherical galls attached to the twigs and limbs, of a dark crimson color mottled with small spots of a lighter color. A single kernel in the centre held in place by dense, brownish, spongy filaments. Diameter one and one-fourth to one and one-half inch.

The summer galls will probably produce the two gendered form.

Cynips quercus citriformis n. sp.

Host--Quercus phellos

The Lemon-like Gall of the Willow Oak

Galls.--Globular, smooth, shining yellowish galls, from seven-eighths to an inch in length, by three-eighths to half an inch in diameter, attenuated to a sharp point at tip and with a single kernel in the centre, held in place by a few thin, radiating, spiculate filaments. 

Described from three bred specimens which issued from galls during the first week in May. No males.

Cynips quercus racemaria n. sp.

The Grape-producing Cynips. This is a very remarkable Cynips producing galls on the under surface of the leaves of Quercus laurifolia, which very much resemble small white grapes. They make their appearance early in April, but the flies do not escape until the middle of May. 

Galls. — Spherical, crisp, sour and succulent, attached to the under surface of the leaves, in size and color resembling a small white grape and in consistency not unlike a green gooseberry, with a single reddish kernel in the centre. Diameter .35 to .40 inch 

Cynips quercus foliata n. sp.

The Leafy Gall of the Live Oak. Another curious and by far the most interesting gall I have yet found in Florida, is that to which I have given the above name. Growing as it does in the bud axil of the leaf, and not unfrequently in close proximity to the others, the gall would naturally be taken by most observers for the blossom of the oak; indeed I never until lately suspected it to be the product of a Cynips. 

On page 72, vol. 2, of "The American Entomologist," is figured a gall discovered by H. F. Bassett, so well known for his researches in this interesting branch of entomology, which will give one a fair idea of the species under consideration. At first I was inclined to believe my species and his, which he calls Cynips frondosa identical; but on a careful study of his description of the gall, (he does not characterize the insect producing it), I have no hesitancy in describing it as new. 

Mr. Bassett found his species at Waterbury, Conn., on the Chincuapin Oak, Q. prinoides, while Walsh found it on the Bur Oak and White Oak; vide Proc. Entom. Soc. Phil. p. 68, 1864. 

He says: "When mature it often attains a diameter of two and a quarter inches, and the modified leaves of which it is composed are then much longer and proportionally much wider than at first, so that instead of being what the botanists term 'lanceolate,' they become oval with their tips usually acute." 

Bassett says: "The cells containing the larva are smooth, shining, oval, about one-eighth of an inch long." 

Walsh also says: "The larger ones enclose four or five cells and when the gall becomes mature, the cells are gradually disengaged from their leafy matrix and drop to the ground, where no doubt the larva will pass the winter more agreeably among the masses of dead leaves, which accumulate in such situations, than it would do if it were exposed aloft to the stormy blasts, and the cold driving sleets of the dead season of the year."

Now, the largest specimen I have ever found of the present gall, and I have collected hundreds, is never more than three-quarters of an inch in diameter, and instead of the leaves being oval, they are strictly lanceolate; the cells or kernels too, instead of being smooth, are pitted, somewhat like a peach stone. They likewise never drop to the ground, but remain cemented to their cup, and the fly escapes by perforating a hole in the top. I have found hundreds of the black dry galls containing cells so perforated, and have never seen more than one cell to a gall.

Galls. — In outline urn-shaped, composed externally of numerous, lanceolate, leafy-like spines, developed from the axillary leaf bud; diameter one-half to three-quarters of an inch; internally consisting of a greyish acorn-like cup, with a single kernel imbeded half way; cup .20 inch in diameter. Kernel brownish .15 to .18 inch long by .07 to .10 wide, somewhat pointed at top and slightly contracted in the middle, irregularly pitted and grooved, somewhat like a peach stone only the grooves arc not so deep.

Cynips q. batatoides n.sp.

Abrupt, potato-like swellings of the twigs and branches, varying in size and form, from 04. to 0.7 and sometimes an inch long, and 0.3 to half an inch or more broad; the outer surface is rough of the same color as the bark; internally it is white and in consistency not unlike a potato. No kernels; each insect separated by a very thin, hardly perceptible parchment-like substance. In on of the galls I counted fifteen gall-flies.

Cynips q. catesbaei n.sp.

Slight wavy swellings at the base of tender new shoots, hardly visible to the naked eye.

Cynips q. aquaticae n.sp.

Globular, hollow, succulent galls, of a plum color, growing through the leafy expansion of the newly formed leaf, projecting about equally from the upper and the under surface of the leaf, containing a yellowish, slightly elongated kernel, which rolls freely about. Diameter .35 to .40 inch.

On the CYNIPIDOUS GALLS of Florida (1881)