Feron pattersonae (Fullaway, 1911), comb. nov.

Gall. Sexual gall (Fig. 283) is a small, elongate capsule, 5–7 mm long, 1.0–1.5 mm wide, attached by a slender pedicel to the edge of the leaf, unilocular. The gall is sharp-tipped, broadest near the tip, continuing into a slender, thread-like stem, 5–12 mm long, evidently a continuation of a leaf vein. The gall is thin-walled, entirely hollow.

Biology. Andricus pattersonae and Liodora dumosae were erroneously paired by Evans (1972; restated by Dailey & Menke 1980). Evans (1972) appears to have mis-identified the asexual gall he found as A. pattersonae; his Figure 15 shows a gall much more similar to the new species F. rucklei described herein. Molecular data also refute Evans’ pairing, instead establishing the correct matching of A. pattersonae with A. pedicellatus, with the associated synonymisation herein. Four individuals (two asexual females [=A. pattersonae], two sexual females [=A. pedicellatus]) were sequenced for cytb and ITS2. Cytb sequences were on average 1.14% divergent (range 0.23– 1.90%; GenBank accessions OQ446204–OQ446206) and ITS2 sequences were on average 0.25% divergent (range 0–0.42%, including identical alleles in one asexual and one sexual individual; GenBank accessions OQ448243–OQ448246).

Asexual galls have been recorded from leaves on section Quercus, subsection Dumosae oaks: Q. douglasii, Q. dumosa, Q. garryana, and Q. lobata (Burks 1979), the gall matures by late autumn, adults emerge in late winter. Sexual galls occur on leaves of Q. douglasii (Burks 1979) and mature in April; adults emerge soon after.

Distribution. USA: California (Burks 1979).

Dros pedicellatum

Quercus douglasii, dumosa, garryana [listed as detachable], lobata
Leaf galls, detachable
Fig 145. Prolonged vein at leaf margin.

Fig 145. On Q-lobata (above) and Q-dumosa and douglasii. Occurs on Q-garryana also. In early spring. Types emerged April 20 (Stanford). Issued May 15- June 2 (Santa Barbara), April 25–28 (Paso Robles), out and dead by May 26 (Lakeport).

Andricus pedicellatus, new species

GALLS (P1. XXIV, Fig. 10).-Small, elongate capsules attached by a slender thread near the edge of the leaf. Monothalamous. The capsule is elongate, 5.-7.mm. long by 1.0-1.5 mm. wide; sharp-tipped but broadest near the tip, basally slender tapered, continuing into a slender, thread-like stem 5.-12. mm. long, evidently a continuation of a vein of the leaf. The capsules are thin-walled and entirely hollow. Attached either near the edge or farther from the edge to very young leaves of Quercus Douglasii.

RANGE.-California: Three Rivers, Oroville.

This species appears very early in the spring, as soon as small leaves come out of the opening buds. At Three Rivers the galls were just maturing. It is likely that this is the short-lived bisexual generation of a species having an agamic alternate generation which takes all but one or two months of the year to develop. The species is in many respects related to species like Neuroterus irregularis (Osten Sacken), N. majalis (Osten Sacken), and N. resiculus (Bassett), but those species do not represent typical Neuroterus Hartig.

Andricus pedicellatum

This cynipid wasp induces thin, horse-hair-like, stalked, monothalamous, pointed galls along the margins of leaves on blue, valley, scrub, and Oregon oaks.

Hosts:
Quercus douglasii
Quercus lobata
Quercus berberidifolia
Quercus garryana