Sphaeroteras carolina (Ashmead, 1887), comb. rev., sexual generation

[Synonyms listed for agamic generation]

Material examined: 2 females as “USA, Florida, Manatee Co., Lake Manatee SRA, leg. J. Nicholls, 2008.04.16. FL1097, spFLb4; ex Quercus chapmanii”.

Gall. Sexual galls (Fig. 237) on small twigs. Initially red/yellow, becoming darker as they mature, with pale pubescence, pear-shaped, tip bent to one side, 6–7 mm long, 3 mm diameter at widest point.

Biology. Asexual detachable rounded galls (Fig. 236) on leaves on Q. alba, Q. chapmanii and Q. stellata (Burks 1979). Sexual galls mature in April; adults emerge soon afterwards; to date found only on Q. chapmanii.

Distribution. USA: North Carolina, Florida, Missouri, Arkansas, Texas (Burks 1979).

- James Nicholls, George Melika, Scott Digweed, Graham Stone: (2022) Pairing of sexual and asexual generations of Nearctic oak gallwasps, with new synonyms and new species names (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini)^©