Andricus pattersonae (unisexual generation)
[Page 113]

This cynipid wasp induces thin, flat, detachable, monothalamous galls on the underside of leaves of most white oaks. The summer galls of the unisexual generation are usually light greenish yellow and measure 7-9 mm in diameter and 1mm thick.

Liodora pattersonae
Agamic generation

[Photos of this gall appear on page 12 of the pdf]

GALL (Fig. 15). On the underside of mature leaves, but not on principal veins or extreme margins; on trees of all ages and sizes. Single and monothalamous, usually several to a leaf, but 1-100 possible. Individual galls disc-like, thin, 3-6 mm diam., 51. mm maximum thickness at elevated midsection; finely radially striate. Pale ivory-green, occasionally dappled darker as galls mature to a tan color. Overwintering galls may fall from or with the leaves.

Range: west-central CA

Adults of the bisexual generation emerge during late May to early June, and females oviposit on the undersides of leaves. Galls that are too crowded develop at an uneven rate and many do not mature. The agamic females may emerge the following spring, late March to early April; however, a diapause within the gall for 1 or 2 years is common.

Andricus pattersonae (unisexual generation)

Thin, flat, disc-shaped galls from leaves (presumably) of Quercus douglasi, about 6 mm. in diameter, greenish gray with lilac center, the margin irregular; upper surface a trifle wrinkled but otherwise smooth.

Andricus pattersonae (unisexual generation)

Quercus douglasii, garryana, lobata
Leaf galls, detachable
Fig 119. Crenate, very flat spangle. 6-9 mm.

Fig 119. Partly grown in August (Calistoga). Collected on fallen leaves in December and adults were cut out February 9 (Stanford).

Cynips (echinus) dumosae Kinsey
agamic form

Cynips echinus dumosae Kinsey, 1930, Ind. Univ. Studies 84-86:199, figs. 26, 147-149, 179.
Cynips echinus douglasi err. det. Hoffmeyer, 1933, Ent. Meddell. Kbhvn. 18: 248.
Cynips dumosae Kinsey, 1930, Workbook in Biol.: 35.

To the data given in Kinsey 1930, add:

RANGE.-California: Santa Anita Canyon (north of Monrovia) (C. D. Michener in Kinsey coll.).

LIFE HISTORY..—Adults: March 25, and April (without day). These dates are still later than the previously recorded dates for January and February.

PARASITE.-Callimome warreni Cockerell (acc. Hoffmeyer 1933)

Feron pattersonae (Fullaway, 1911), comb. nov.

Gall. Asexual gall (Figs 281–282) Relatively large, thin, flat spangle gall on underside of leaves, detachable, monolocular. about 9 mm in diameter, with irregular way margin. Green when young, becoming yellow or tan when mature.

Biology. Andricus pattersonae and Liodora dumosae were erroneously paired by Evans (1972; restated by Dailey & Menke 1980). Evans (1972) appears to have mis-identified the asexual gall he found as A. pattersonae; his Figure 15 shows a gall much more similar to the new species F. rucklei described herein. Molecular data also refute Evans’ pairing, instead establishing the correct matching of A. pattersonae with A. pedicellatus, with the associated synonymisation herein. Four individuals (two asexual females [=A. pattersonae], two sexual females [=A. pedicellatus]) were sequenced for cytb and ITS2. Cytb sequences were on average 1.14% divergent (range 0.23– 1.90%; GenBank accessions OQ446204–OQ446206) and ITS2 sequences were on average 0.25% divergent (range 0–0.42%, including identical alleles in one asexual and one sexual individual; GenBank accessions OQ448243–OQ448246).

Asexual galls have been recorded from leaves on section Quercus, subsection Dumosae oaks: Q. douglasii, Q. dumosa, Q. garryana, and Q. lobata (Burks 1979), the gall matures by late autumn, adults emerge in late winter. Sexual galls occur on leaves of Q. douglasii (Burks 1979) and mature in April; adults emerge soon after.

Distribution. USA: California (Burks 1979).